【摘要】 在借鉴国家物质流分析(MFA)框架基础上,针对进出城市系统的物质数据缺乏且难以统计的特点,引入面向元素或产品的物质流分析(SFA)要素,建立了城市尺度物质流分析框架.与国家物质流分析相比,该框架总体结构和物质分类上相同,但输入量、净存量和输出量的计算顺序和假设条件不同.对于化石能源,可由城市统计年鉴中的能源平衡表直接得出本地开采量、净存量、调入量和调出量;对于生物质,本地开采(生产)量一般都有统计,净存量可通过假设人均消费量相对稳定估算得出,而调入量和调出量则需要对大宗工业用途进行调查并做少量假设计算得出;对于金属矿物及其产品、工业非金属矿物及其产品、建筑材料3类物质,本地开采量和消费量一般都有所统计,而调入量和调出量的计算则需要首先采用针对元素或成品的物质流分析来获取城市系统中的净存量,然后再配合生产和消费数据并做少量假设测算得出.其他项目的获取或测算同国家物质流分析,由此得到的城市物质流分析框架可以用于城市间物质代谢的比较.更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on national-wide material flow analysis(MFA),a methodology for urban-wide MFA was established by integrating substance flow analysis(SFA) to cope with the problem of lack of data across the cities.In comparison with national-wide MFA,the framework and material categories of urban-wide MFA have no distinctions,but the computation procedure and underlying assumptions are different.For fossil energy,local direct extraction,net addition to stocks,the amount of transferred-in and transferred-out can be obtained from the energy balance table of the Urban Statistical Yearbooks;for biomass,local exploitation(production) in general has statistics,net addition to stocks can be obtained by assuming that per capita consumption is relatively stable,the amount of transferred-in and transferred-out can be calculated by investigating large industrial usages and making some assumptions on input and output;for the three materials(mineral and metal products,industrial and non-metallic mineral products,and construction material),local exploitation and consumption in general have the statistics,the amount of transferred-in and transferred-out have to be calculated from their stocks-in-use which are obtained from substance flow analysis(SFA). For other items,the data measurement is the same as national-wide MFA.This urban-wide MFA framework can be used for comparison of urban metabolism among cities.更多还原