【摘要】 为了改善聚乙烯醇的性能,通过熔融挤出的方法制备了聚乙烯醇/纳米氧化锌复合材料.采用力学性能测试、热分析、X射线衍射和紫外光谱研究了纳米氧化锌对聚乙烯醇力学性能、热稳定性、结晶性能和紫外屏蔽性能的影响.结果表明:复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别在纳米氧化锌含量为1.0wt%和0.5wt%时达到最大值,拉伸强度比纯聚乙烯醇提高了20.27%,断裂伸长率略高于纯聚乙烯醇;当纳米氧化锌含量为2.0wt%时,复合材料失重10%的温度比纯聚乙烯醇提高20℃;纳米氧化锌显著提高了聚乙烯醇的耐光老化性能,同时使聚乙烯醇中产生了新的晶相.纳米氧化锌的加入有助于多种性能的改善.更多还原

【Abstract】 Poly(vinyl alcohol)/nano-zinc oxide composite was prepared by melting extrusion in order to improve the performances of poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA).The effects of nano-zinc oxide on the mechanical performances, thermal stability, crystallization and UV-shielding performance of PVA were investigated by mechanical performance test, thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction and UV spectra. The results showed that the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composite were the highest when the amount of nano-zinc oxide was 1.0 wt% and 0.5 wt%, respectively. The tensile strength was 20.27% higher than that of the neat PVA, and the elongation at break was a little higher than that of the neat PVA. When the amount of nano-zinc oxide was 2.0 wt%, the temperature at weight loss of 10% of the composite was 20 ℃ higher compared with the neat PVA. Nano-zinc oxide improved the UV-shielding performance of PVA and made the new crystal come into being in PVA. It can be concluded that the nano-zinc oxide is helpful to improve the performances of PVA.更多还原