【摘要】 研究了铜绿假单胞菌分泌鼠李糖脂能力对原油生物降解的作用。将保存在原油中的铜绿假单胞菌转接至甘油培养基进行继代培养,观察到各继代培养下鼠李糖脂分泌量越高则该发酵液对原油的乳化降解能力就越强,推测该菌产鼠李糖脂能力决定了该培养液对原油的乳化与降解程度。鉴于此,分别将鼠李糖脂提取液、发酵液加入到原油培养基中,观察其各自的原油乳化程度的变化趋势,发现鼠李糖脂本身可以乳化原油但不能降解原油,且其乳化能力不如去菌体的发酵液。去菌体发酵液能很快地乳化原油而同样不能降解原油。只有含菌体的发酵液既能乳化又能降解原油。因此,可以认为鼠李糖脂本身具有乳化原油的能力,但是由铜绿假单胞菌同时分泌的其它表面活性物质可能协同鼠李糖脂更好地乳化原油以促进微生物对原油的利用与降解。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study its secreting rhamnolipid ability, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa preserved in cure oil-containing medium originally was switched to glycerol medium for generational cultures. It was seen that, at certain generational culture, the more rhamnolipid is secreted, the higher ability of emulsification and degradation for cure oil the culture broth has. This phenomenon may illustrate that the rhamnolipid plays an important role in emulsification and degradation of crude oil. In order to confirm this conjecture, rhamnolipid extract and cell-free culture broth were added separately into the crude oil to detect their emulsification and degradation effects for crude oil. It was found that rhamnolipid emulsifies crude oil less efficiently than cell-free culture broth, but neither of them can degrade crude oil directly, and only the cell-containing culture broth can not only emulsify but also degrade the crude oil. Hence, it could be concluded that the rhamnolipid has certain ability of emulsifying crude oil, and the biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the same time can cooperate with rhamnolipid to emulsify the crude oil better, which promotes the strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to degrade the crude oil and utilize it as substrate.更多还原