【摘要】 在新疆等蒸发强烈干旱地区,潜水蒸发不仅关系到土壤水分损失,还直接涉及土壤的盐碱化问题,精确计算潜水蒸发量对排水计算和防治土壤盐碱化均有重要意义。目前常利用经验公式计算潜水蒸发量,包括阿维里扬诺夫公式、清华雷氏公式、叶水庭公式以及幂函数公式。本文利用新疆昌吉站和渭干河站潜水蒸发实测资料对上述四种经验公式进行分析,寻求阿氏公式中潜水停止蒸发深度与清华公式中潜水极限蒸发强度Emax和参数η的简单计算方法,探讨各公式在计算新疆典型区潜水蒸发量的准确性。结果表明,用清华公式拟合实测潜水蒸发与水面蒸发精度较高,Emax和参数η与潜水埋深呈较好的指数关系。在新疆地区清华公式有广泛的通用性,在潜水埋深较浅时,阿氏公式、叶氏公式和幂函数公式拟合精度相对较高,但当潜水埋深较大时拟合较差。幂函数公式拟合值与实测值相差最大。阿氏公式、叶氏公式和幂函数公式对于壤土类拟合精度较粗质土高。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the arid zone such as Xinjiang,the evaporation is intense.The phreatic evaporation affects not only the loss of soil moisture,but also the problem of saline-alkali soil,and the accurate calculation of phreatic evaporation intensity has significance to the calculation of drainage and prevention of saline-alkali soil.The empirical formulae of phreatic evaporation are frequently used in calculation,including Tsinghua equation,Averiyanov equation,Ye equation and power function.The four formulae have been analyzed basing on the observed data of phreatic evaporation in Changji and Weiganhe of Xinjiang.Simpler determination methods of the limit evaporation depth Hmax in Averiyanov empirical formula and the maximum evaporation intensity Emax and η in the Tsinghua formula are proposed,and the accuracy of the calculated evaporation intensity are discussed.The results are as follows: The Tsinghua formula has a widespread versatility in Xinjiang;when the groundwater depth is shallow,Averiyanov equation,Ye equation and power function have a relative high precision,but the precision is low when the depth is deep.The difference between the value calculated using power function formula and the actual value is the biggest.The Averiyanov equation,Ye equation and power function fit well in loam than coarse soil.更多还原