【摘要】 普通小麦(T.aestivumL.)为一个异源六倍体物种,具有A、B、D三个染色体组,它们具有不同程度的同源性。对各个染色体组进行有关起源、进化、基因定位及基因与产量、性状的关联分析,可更好的发掘和利用各染色体上的有利基因,拓宽小麦的遗传变异基础,为在小麦育种中如何引进新的遗传变异及杂优选育提供理论依据。遗传多样性是进行小麦改良的基础,B基因组含有丰富的抗病、抗虫、抗寒、优质等有益基因,多态性最高。本文对小麦B基因组的组成特点、起源、遗传多样性及基因定位等进行了综述,并对其以后的研究进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 T. aestivum L. has no direct hexaploid wild progenitor. The species possesses three sets of homoeologous chromosomes, designated as AABBDD, whose origins have differing degrees of certainty. Make sure origins, evolutions, gene-orientations and association analysis of each genome, we can excavate and make use of available genes, open up the genetic basis, offer theory base on introducing new variation and electing the heterosis. Genetic diversity is the basis on wheat improvements, genome B has the highest polymorphism, with favor genomes such as high quality, resistances for disease, insects and coldness. This paper is mainly devoted to the traits, origins, genetic diversity and orientations of genome B, view the future research.更多还原