【摘要】 评述了近些年来岩石圈(尤其是大陆岩石圈)流变学研究中的主要进展。这些研究中最重要的一个发现是水的存在可以显著地增强岩石的变形,从而对其流变性质产生明显影响。大陆岩石圈的流变性质比大洋岩石圈要复杂得多,尤其是较深处的下地壳和岩石圈地幔之间流变性质的对比和差异成为近些年来人们争执较大的问题。大陆岩石圈的流变性质可能具有显著的不均一性,不仅体现在垂向上,也体现在横向上。根据流变学实验研究的进展和对深部壳幔捕虏体中主要构成矿物结构水含量的测定,对华北克拉通深部岩石圈的流变性质进行了定量计算。结果表明华北克拉通在重力梯度带两侧的岩石圈有着截然不同的流变特征,这种差异可能对两侧不同的岩石圈动力学过程有重要的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Some recent progresses concerning the rheological behavior of the lithosphere, especially the continental lithosphere, have been reviewed. One of the most important conclusions is that the presence of water, even in trace amounts, can significantly enhance the deformation of materials, and therefore has a fundamental influence on their rheological strength. The rheology of the continental lithosphere is distinctively different from that of the oceanic lithosphere; the former is obviously more complicated and more difficult to be understood. The rheological contrast between these two kinds of lithospheres is a debating topic among geoscientists. The rheology of the continental lithosphere may be strongly heterogeneous, both laterally and vertically, on which water may play a critical role. An application of these advances to the North China Craton is the establishment of the rheological structure for the deep regions. Different rheological structures yield notable differences between different tectonic units.更多还原