【摘要】 本文把新城市贫困度量指标从经济领域拓展到社会文化等领域,利用广州市2005年最低保障统计和五普数据,采用因子分析法计算街道层面贫困主因子和综合贫困得分,并对得分大于全市平均水平的街道进行聚类,划分出"外围工人相对集中的贫困区、邻近核心就业不理想的贫困区和内城核心住房设施匮乏的贫困区"三种类型。结合三类代表社区的问卷访谈、综合调研和社区发展分析,发现计划和转型两个时期,体制和市场的双重因素共同作用,深刻改变或影响了社区的物质和社会特征,最终导致贫困地域产生明显的特征分异。更多还原

【Abstract】 With accelerated reform of state-and-collective-owned enterprises since the mid-1990s, urban poverty has attracted great attention of the Chinese academics, but there have been few studies on spatial measurement of mutiple poverty and quantitative analysis of spatial types of urban poverty areas. On the brief review of the studies and indexes of mutiple deprivation in western counties, this paper firstly highlights the expansion of measurement indexes of urban poverty from economic facet to mutiple facets including housing, education and household characteristics etc. Taking Guangzhou as a case, using the MLSP (Mninimum Living Standard Programme) recipients data and fifth census data, the paper summarizes five key factors of mutiple poverty and calculates the comprehensive scores on the level of sub-districts by the method of factor analysis. On the basis of spatial mesurement, the paper classifies 42 sub-districts which have higher scores than the average score into three types by the method of cluster analysis. Three types of urban poverty areas are identified: outer concentrated workers’ area, outer concerntrated unemployment area of inner city, and dilaidated core with poor facilities of inner city. Then the authors did questionnaire and comprehensive investigation in three typical commnunities representing three types of poverty areas. The statistics further proved the analytic outcome on sub-districts level. Concerning mechanism of differentiation of three types of new urban poverty areas, it is the outcome of institutional and market factors in planned and transitional period. Though market-oriented factors affect the discrepency, the paper argues the institutional factors are most important. The socialist housing provision system and the construction policy in planned economy is the basis of difference of three types. The housing reform policy and the regeneration of community are the institutional factors in transitional period. The location of different communities and the selected gentrification also influence the differentiation of physical and social characteristics of poverty areas.更多还原