【摘要】 近半个世纪以来,环青海湖地区对气候变化的敏感性和脆弱性逐渐强化,尤其是草地退化、土地沙漠化、青海湖萎缩以及极端天气气候事件增加等自然环境变化均是对全球气候变暖以及人类无序活动等影响的反应结果。铁卜加和海晏两地牧草产量以96.53 kg/(hm2.a)倾向率降低,刚察亚高山草甸下降幅度最大,为55.16%,充分反映了草地的退化趋势;青海湖面积总体在以7.04 km2/a缩小趋势背景下,以1~2年短期小幅回升,回升周期为3~8年,面积变化基本反映了该流域内气候变化情况;沙漠化面积在20世纪50年代中期后年增长率逐年增加,90年代中后期达10%以上。分析了目前环青海湖地区生态环境保护和治理方面主要存在管理体制、建设主体、科技支撑、超载过牧和土地资源利用不合理等一系列问题,提出遵循区域自然规律、利用人工促进区域生态系统调节是恢复退化草地、湖泊及沙漠化的重要途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 The sensitivity of climate change and vulnerability of environments gradually strengthen in the regions around Qinghai Lake since nearly half a century.The changes of natural environments,such as grassland degradation,land desertification,decline in area of Qinghai Lake,increase in extreme weather events,have resulted from global warming and irrational human activities.Decline in forage biomass with 96.53 kg/(hm2·a) at TieBuJia and HaiYan and the biggest drop in forage biomass of sub-mountain meadow by 48.79% at GangCha are the exact symbol of grassland degradation.Generally,the area of Qinghai Lake reduces with 7.04 km2/a,whereas it increases a little with 3-8 years circle.Desertification area has been increasing annually from the middle of 1950s,and the rate of increase has been over 10% since the middle of 1990s.After discussion the problems in management system,the principal parts on restoration,scientific and technological support,overgrazing and irrational use of land resources,this study suggests that improvement ecosystem with human disturbance will be used to restore grassland degradation,increase area of Qinhai Lake and control desertification in the regions around Qinghai Lake.更多还原