【摘要】 [目的]分析不同亏缺灌溉中保持土壤含水量方法的优劣,为亏缺灌溉提供理论依据。[方法]收集亏缺灌溉常用的试验方法,分析它们的适用条件。[结果]垂直土柱吸渗法是根据土壤水吸力是随高度变化来控制土壤水分含量。分层供水法在保证水分均匀分布的同时,也遇到了土壤通气、封层的泄漏问题,以及根系的不均匀分布的问题等。薄层土壤种植箱法可把土壤维持在低于田间持水量的恒定水势条件下。氯化钠、硝酸钾、蔗糖和甘露糖醇等溶质可以模拟水分胁迫。聚乙二醇是最好溶质。表面灌水法采用的方式主要有不同灌水定额法和推迟灌溉法,现在后者利用较多。[结论]在亏缺灌溉中,应根据不同的试验目的与条件,选择适宜的灌溉方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] The study was to analyze the good and bad of the method to keeping soil water content in different deficit irrigation and provide the theoretical basis for deficit irrigation.[Method] The usual experiment methods of deficit irrigation were collected and their applicable conditions were analyzed.[Result] The suction and osmotic method by vertical soil column capillary could control soil water content by the variation of soil moisture suction changed with the height.The layered supplying water method could guarantee the uniform distribution of water,while it also met the questions such as soil aeration,seal coat leakage and the inhomogeneous distribution of root.The method of thin layer soil planting box could sustained the soil at the stable water potential lower than field capacity.The solute such as NaCl,KNO3,sucrose and mannitol could simulate the water stress.The polyethylene glycol was the best solute.The main surface irrigation methods usually used were 2 types such as different irrigation quota method and delaying irrigation method.Now the latter was used more.[Conclusion] In deficit irrigation,it should select optimum irrigation method by the aim and conditions of different experiments.更多还原