【摘要】 基于湿地生态用水研究进展,本文从用水标准及配置方面进行了生态用水理论与应用分析。针对湿地生态用水标准的确定,给出了确定原则以及湿地生态用水配置优先级标准、湿地生态用水配置水量/水位标准和湿地生态用水配置水质标准;对于湿地生态用水配置程序的研究,制定了湿地生态用水配置原则、程序、方案、相关配套环境以及实现手段。其中,湿地生态用水配置方案的制定须从湿地用水价值(生态、经济、社会)分析、管理目标以及生态需水方式等几个方面考虑,相关配套环境主要是相关的政策法规环境、经济评价、公众教育及用水配置方案修正等。本文最后以海河流域白洋淀湿地为案例区进行了生态用水标准及配置分析,分别分析白洋淀生态用水的逐月水位标准以及白洋淀湿地"三期"(汛期、生物繁殖期以及非汛期)三类(最小、适宜以及理想生态用水量)的生态用水配置量。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the fast socioeconomic development in the country,the wetland has appeared a series of ecological environment problems,which leading to the declining of the ecosystem health and capabilities of rehabilitation of wetland.Among natural and human reasons,the scarcity of water resources is one of the main causes leading to the degradation of wetlands.Allocating enough water to wetland is one of effective measures to resume and restore wetlands.So the study of standard and allocation of ecological water use is becoming the hot point and forefront in the field of ecological water.Based on the review of the progress of wetland ecological water uses in domestic and overseas research,this paper mainly engages into the studying of the criterion and allocation of wetland ecological water uses.Firstly,this paper defines the criterion of wetland ecological water uses,which includes the principle of the standard of priority,and the standard of water amount/water level and the water quality of ecological water uses.Secondly,this paper brings forward the method of allocation of ecological water use which contains the principle,the process and scheme,and the implementation condition and strategy of ecological water use allocation.The determination of the allocation of ecological water uses should consider the ecological value,economic value,social value,management purpose and ecological water demand,and the matched implementation condition mainly includes the following respects: policies and regulations environment,economic assessment,public education and the revising of the allocation scheme.Policy,law,education and technical instrument are needed to insure the scheme implemented successfully.At last,based on the above analysis of the methods of standard and allocation of ecological water use,this paper takes baiyangdian as example to analysis the standard and allocation of ecological water use.As the typical lake wetland in the north of china,baiyangdian plays an important role in maintaining the ecological balance in this area.But,during the past hundred years,its eco-environment has been facing a series of problems,which include lake shrinkage,water pollution,function degradation etc.Water resource shortage is becoming the key factor to affect the sustainable development of baiyangdian wetland.Guaranteeing the wetland proper water is becoming the problem urgently to solve.According to analysis of the current station and collected data of baiyangdian,the present paper uses the ecological characteristic comparison and statistical methods to analyze the correlation between eco-hydrological characteristics and biological characteristics,and sets the water level standard of ecological water use.Then,according to the correlation between ecological water requirement and ecological water use,through calculating of ecological water requirement of baiyangdian,this paper fixes the allocation of ecological water use in baiyangdian wetland.By the systematic analysis of the outcome,we can get the ecological water use of baiyangdian in the flood,breeding and non flood period,and they are 0.11×10~8m~3～0.53×10~8m~3,16×10~8m~3～0.92×10~8m~3,0.32×10~8m~3～1.28×10~8m~3.更多还原