【摘要】 目的:了解上海市小儿佝偻病的现状及影响因素。方法:2005年春季以整群和分层随机抽样法抽取上海市部分城区0～6岁小儿821名,采取问卷调查方法了解小儿的生活环境、饮食习惯、户外活动、营养状况、既往疾病史及母亲的妊娠情况等。佝偻病的诊断以1996年国家卫生部颁布的"婴幼儿佝偻病防治方案"为诊断标准。结果:取得完整有效资料769名,其中男童396名,女童373名;集居儿童456名,散居儿童313名。①小儿佝偻病患病率为17.3%(133/769),其中男童患病率为17.4%、女童为17.2%。②佝偻病与喂养方式(母乳喂养的患病率为13.0%、混合喂养的患病率为17.5%、人工喂养的患病率为25.2%)、鱼肝油添加(按时添加维生素D的患病率为13.5%、偶加或未加维生素D的患病率为32.5%)、居住环境(居住在市区的患病率为23.6%、居住在郊区的患病率为10.6%;集居儿童患病率为13.8%、散居儿童患病率为22.4%)、户外活动时间(经常户外活动的患病率为12.9%、偶尔户外活动的患病率为31.8%)、反复呼吸道感染(小儿有反复呼吸道感染的患病率为26.9%、无反复呼吸道感染的患病率为12.9%)、母孕期缺钙(母孕期有缺钙的患病率为33.2%、无缺钙的患病率为12.0%)等因素有关(P<0.01)。结论:上海市小儿佝偻病患病率有上升趋势。影响因素与城市环境污染、母乳喂养减少、年轻父母科学育儿知识缺乏等有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 AIM:To assess the current prevalence and influencing factors of rickets in children of Shanghai city. METHODS: In Spring of 2005, the cluster and stratified random sampling study was used to examine 821 children under 6 years of age living in Shanghai to evaluate the living environment, feeding patterns, outdoor activity, nutrition, past history of disease, and pregnancy of mother by questionnaires. Rickets was defined as the guideline of "Prevention and Treatment of Rickets in Nurseling" by the State Ministry of Health in 1996. RESULTS: Totally 769 cases were included in the analysis, consisting of 396 boys and 373 girls; 456 collective residences and 313 scattered livers.①The morbidity rate of rickets aged from 0-6 years in Shanghai was 17.3% (133/769), 17.4% in boys and 17.2% in girls.②The morbidity rate of rickets in children was associated with feeding patterns (breast feeding, mix feeding and bottle feeding were 13.0%, 17.5%, 25.2%), supplement of cod liver oil (regular supplement, occasional or no supplement of vitamin D was 13.5% versus 32.5%), living environment (living in urban, suburb was 23.6% versus 10.56%; collective residences, scattered liver were 13.8% versus 22.4%), time of outdoor activity (do out door activity often, occasionally was 12.9% versus 31.8%), repeatedly respiratory tract infection (with or without infection was 26.9% versus 12.9%), and the deficiency of calcium in the duration of mother’s pregnancy (the morbidity rate of rickets in their children was 33.2% versus 12.0% who with or without the deficiency of calcium (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The morbidity rate of children rickets in Shanghai increases recently, and is associated with multiple factors, such as pollution of city, reduction of breast feeding and insufficient knowledge of child care by parents.更多还原