【摘要】 通过探讨流域生态环境需水量概念及分析方法,概算了石羊河流域河流基础生态环境需水量、河流输沙需水量、流域湖泊湿地生态环境需水量和下游地下水合理补给需水量。结果表明:石羊河流域河流系统基础生态环境需水量为2.458 6×108m3,约占流域地表水资源来水量的16.93%;输沙需水量为5.30×108m3;流域湖泊湿地需水量为1.53×108m3,下游地下水补给需水量为1.758 6×108m3。生态环境需水量整合后,适宜的生态需水量约占水资源总量的36.49%~48.60%。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the history of water utilization and development in Shiyanghe basin,our attention has always been paid on the benefit we could get from rivers while environmental and ecological function of the river system used to be neglected.Thus the activities of water utilization and development were accompanied by more and more serious environmental and ecological problems.In order to reduce the environmental and ecological problems induced by water sources development and utilization,this paper has proposed concept of environmental and ecological water consumption.In general,we defined that the environmental and ecological water consumption means the minimum water that must be saved in or consumed by the natural water bodies to conserve their environmental and ecological functions.Based on the definition,the methods on calculating the amount of environmental and ecological water consumption are determined.Water consumption can be divided into four parts,i.e.the basic water consumption of rivers,water consumption for transportation of sediments,water consumption for evaporation of the lakes,water consumption for replenishment of groundwater.The methods for calculating the different parts of water consumption were shown in expressions.The results of the calculation have shown that the environmental and ecological water consumption in the basins is about 11.047 2×108 m3,including 2.458 6×108 m3 for basic consumption,5.30×108 m3 for transportation of sediments and 1.53×108 m3 for net evaporation loss of lakes and reservoirs,and 1.758 6×108 m3 for water required of replenishment of groundwater.Thus the integrated water required for ecology and environment took up about 36.49%~48.60% of the total water resources.However,there are still some aspects of environmental and ecological consumption that are not under our consideration.It should be realized that the required amount of environmental and ecological water consumption must be more than that we have calculated.According to this result,the current utilization rate of the basin is too high.It is on the urgency to control and adjust water development and utilization to eliminate those problems existed and to avoid the potential ecological or environmental crises that are still not clear.更多还原