【摘要】 偃麦草属具有许多优良的遗传性状,利用杀配子染色体诱导小麦-偃麦草的染色体易位,是创建小麦异源易位系、丰富小麦遗传资源的一个有效途径。杀配子染色体2C在单体附加时,可高效率地诱导染色体畸变,得到易位、缺失等畸变类型。本研究利用含有杀配子染色体的中国春-柱穗山羊草2C(Ae.Cylindrical2n=28CCDD)二体附加系与中国春-长穗偃麦草(E.elongate2n=14EE)1E二体附加系杂交。观察F1花粉母细胞减数分裂情况,发现存在到量的染色体异常行为。单价体数超过理论值,棒状二价体数明显增加,并出现一定频率的三价体和四价体,及大量的染色体断片、染色体桥和落后染色体、微核,并伴随发生多极分裂现象。经C-分带与荧光原位分子杂交鉴定83株杂交F2,共检测到5株易位、6株缺失。易位频率为6.02%,缺失率为7.22%,染色体畸变的总频率为13.24%。并对杀配子染色体的诱变机制及引起杂交后代结实率降低的原因进行了讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Elytrigia Desv have many good hereditary characters. It is a effective method to establish common wheat- E. elongate translocation lines and enlarge hereditary resources by using gametocidal chromosomes. The Aegilops cylindrical chromosome 2C can induce chromosomal aberration in its univalent added to wheat. And the translocation and deletion can be obtained. In this paper, Chinese Spring- Ae. Cylindrical two disomic addition lines containing gametocidal chromosomes were used to cross with Chines Spring-E.elongate 1E two disomic addition lines. By observing and analyzing meiosis process of F1 hybrids PMC, chromosome behavior of PMC is abnormal in different degrees. The number of univalents is more than the theoretical number, rod bivalents increases apparently and multivalents are present. Furthermore, many lagging chromo- some breakages, bridges and micronucleus can be observed. 83 F2 progenies were tested induced by gametocidal chromosome 2C using C-banding and genomic in-situ hybridization (GISH) analysis. 5" Chinese Spring"-E.elongata translocation lines and 6 deletion lines were obtained. The total chromosome aberration frequency is 13.24%, including the translocation frequency of 6.02%, deletion frequency 7.22%. The mechanism of gametocidal chromosome and reason that caused reduced seed setting percentage were discussed.更多还原