【摘要】 在过去的几十年里,人们生活水平的提高、人口的增长、城市化进程的加快、科技的进步和市场竞争的加剧都极大地促进了畜禽养殖业从农户分散经营朝着集约化的方向发展。畜禽养殖业集约化发展为市场提供丰富、优质的畜禽产品同时,也由于生产规模大、距离农田远而造成农牧脱节,使得产生的粪便大多集中在养殖场附近有限的农田,大大超过本地农田的消纳容量,导致大量的磷累积在土壤中。长期施用将会造成土壤中磷的盈余并聚积在土壤表层,在降雨冲刷和农田排水的情况下就会加速磷向水体的迁移,增大了磷随径流流失的可能性。目前,粪肥还田造成的磷流失被认为是农业面源污染研究中最受关注的问题之一。当前控制养殖场粪磷污染主要采用的是日粮调节。相应的措施包括:评定畜禽对磷的实际需求量,减少磷的过度饲喂;选择生物学利用率高的磷;日粮中添加植酸酶等。本文综述了近几年国外常用的日粮调节方式的应用对粪磷形态及可溶性的影响及其带来的环境效应研究,提出了学科交叉及开展畜禽粪便及粪肥还田后磷形态及流动性的相关基础研究的重要性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Over the last decades intensification of livestock production has led to manure phosphorus(P) in certain areas exceeds the requirement of local crops.When applied,the surplus of P in manure in these areas tends to accumulate in soils,which can lead to increasing P losses to surface and ground waters and impair water quality.At present,one of the most frequently adopted practices in livestock production is to manipulate livestock diets.Reduction of P overfeeding,use of phytase additives and high available P grains have been included.This paper outlined the use of dietary manipulation strategies to reduce the P production from livestock manure,reviewed the literature on the impact of these approaches on P solubility and forms in manures and the following amended soils.更多还原