【摘要】 为探讨小麦花药培养特性的遗传特点和规律,分别以高花药培养特性和低花药培养特性的小麦材料为母本和父本,采用主基因+多基因遗传模型,对两个组合不同世代小麦材料的花药出愈率、愈伤组织绿苗分化率、花药绿苗率三个花培性状进行了遗传分析。结果表明,花药出愈率在组合I检测到一对主基因,组合II中检测到两对主基因。愈伤组织绿苗分化率和花药绿苗率均检测到两对主基因。主基因的加性效应(d)为增效,显性效应(h)除组合II的愈伤组织绿苗分化率外均为减效。互作效应在组合I中,愈伤组织绿苗分化率的jab(第一对主基因的d与第二对主基因的h间的互作效应)和花药绿苗率的jba(第一对主基因的h与第二对主基因的d间的互作效应)较小。在组合II中,花药出愈率的jba较小;愈伤组织绿苗分化率的l(显性互作效应)较大;花药绿苗率的各效应值比较平均。多基因效应中,对于组合I的花药绿苗率和组合II的花药出愈率,d和h均为增效,且h大于d;组合II中愈伤组织绿苗分化率的d和h均为减效,且d大于h。不同组合F2代花药出愈率的主基因遗传率存在明显差异,组合I为55.01%,组合II为84.54%,其余两花培性状主基因遗传率差异较小,均在90%以上。研究认为,3个性状受主基因和多基因共同影响,且主基因起决定作用,花药出愈率可以作为衡量小麦花药培养特性的重要指标之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 Inheritance of three anther culture traits of wheat (calli rate,plantlet regeneration rate and green plantlet rate) was detected by applying the major gene plus minorgene model of quantitative traits to a joint analysis of multi-generation(P1、P2、F1、F2) of two crosses,K35 ×pronghorn and K35 ×Wesley,in which the K35 was used as high anther culture ability parent and pronghorn and Wesley as low anther culture ability parents.The results indicated that calli rate was dominated by one main genes in cross I,two main genes in cross II.Plantlet regeneration rate and green plantlet rate were dominated by two main genes in two crosses.The values of additive effect is positive,and the diminant effect is negative in main genes,except the plantlet regeneration rate in cross II.In epistasis effects,the jab of plantlet regeneration rate and the jba of green plantlet rate are small in cross I.In cross II,the jba of calli rate is small and the l of plantlet regeneration rate is large whereas the values of all effect of green plantlet rate are null.The d and h of green plantlet rate in cross I and calli rate in cross II are positive io polygenes,and h is stronger than d;The d and h of plantlet segeneration rate are negative in cross II,and d is stronger than h.The heritability of major gene of calli rate was different in F2,heritability values was estimated as 55.01% in cross I,and 84.54% in cross II,and that of the other two traits are all more than 90%.It was suggested that the three traits of wheat anther culture were affected by both main genes and minor genes and the main genes played a principal role.Calli rate can be regarded as an important index evaluating anther culture ability of wheat.更多还原