【摘要】 目的观察婴儿、幼儿、学龄前期儿童血压分布百分位、血压的动态变化及临床影响因素。方法选择健康儿童共800名,根据年龄分为3组:婴儿组100名,幼儿组192名,学龄前组508名。分别检测各年龄组儿童血压,同时测量身高、体重、臂围,计算体重指数。并对幼儿、学龄前组进行小儿血压发育规律相关因素的调查。结果①3组小儿血压均呈正态分布;临界高血压发生率为8.25%,主要发生在幼儿、学龄前组;②婴儿组四肢血压与体位、性别差异均无显著性(P>0.05);③幼儿组坐、卧两种体位下测量的血压,表现为坐位测量的下肢舒张压高于卧位测量值;④3组小儿血压值婴儿<幼儿<学龄前儿,差异有显著性(P<0.05),2岁后小儿的动脉收缩压符合年龄×2+80mmHg、舒张压=2/3收缩压的规律;⑤小儿动脉收缩压与体重、体重指数呈正相关性(P<0.01),与出生胎次、性别、孕母职业、文化程度、生活习惯及预防注射未表现出相关性(P>0.05)。结论小儿血压受年龄及体重的影响,表现随年龄增长递增现象;血压计袖带的选用影响血压的测定值;高血压家族史、肥胖是小儿高血压的风险因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To observe the normal percentile distribution of blood pressure in infants,young children and preschool children.To test the dynamic change and clinical influence factors of children’s blood pressure.Methods A total of 800 healthy children were chosen to divided into 3 groups according to their age,which infants group including 100 children,the young children including 192 children, and preschool children including 508 children.The professionals of the topic-group measured their BP with home sphygmo,manometer,and their height,weight,arm circumference and the weight.Results①The percentiles of SBP and DBP in young children,preschool children was in normal distributiun;The incidence rate of borderline hypertension was 8.25%.Mainly in young children group and preschool chihtren group;②The mean of SBP and DBP was no significant difference between boys and girls(P>0.05);The mean BP of the four limbs in infants group and young children group was no significant difference(P>0.05);③In young children group,the BP that was measured at seat posi- tion was higher than that was measured at deeubitus position;④As years gone,the mean of BP increased with 5～10mmHg in the three groups,and there was significant difference(P<0.05).After 2 years old,their SBP(mmHg)= age×2+80,DBP(mmHg)= 2/3SBP;⑤Clinical influence factors of children’s BP:there was significant correlation between cbildren’s SBP and weight(P<0.01);The children’s BP was relative to the pregnant times,the sex,the occupation of pregnant women,the cultural level and the injection of vaccine;The incidence of hypertension of children was relative to the family history of hypertension and fatness(P<0.05).Conclusion The sleeve of sphygmoma- nnmeter has influence to the children’s BP,especially when measured the lower limbs;Age and weight also has influence to the children’s BP, it expressed as"locus phenomena",that BP increased with the age;The incidence of borderline hypertension of children is related with the family history,of hypertension and fatness.更多还原