【摘要】 依据上海1983─2004年的酸雨监测资料,对该地区酸雨的变化特征、离子化学组成进行了分析.结果表明:上海降水酸度呈波动性变化,特别是1997─2004年酸雨污染趋势加剧.对降水中离子含量的分析可知,酸雨主要为硫酸型和硝酸型.灰色关联度分析表明:降水pH与降水中碱性阳离子的关联序为Na+>NH4+>Ca2+>K+>Mg2+;pH与酸性阴离子关联序为Cl->NO3->SO42->F-.反映出上海降水的离子化学组成受海洋源影响较大.结果还表明,上海酸雨逐步由硫酸型转为硫酸型和硝酸型并重.更多还原

【Abstract】 The variation of acidity and chemical compositions of rainwater in Shanghai area was analyzed,based on the local acid rain monitoring data from 1983 to 2004.The results indicated that the acidity of rainwater showed some fluctuation,but the annual average value of rain acidity and frequency got worse from 1997 to 2004.The concentrations of ions show that SO₄^2- and NO₃^play nearly the same roles in the acid rain formation.Nitrogen oxides are becoming the more important pollutants in acid rain.Grey correlation analysis indicates that the correlative sequence of the pH with alkali cations in rain water is Na⁺>NH₄⁺> Ca²⁺>K⁺> Mg²⁺ and that of pH with acidic anions in rainwater is Cl^-> NO₃^-> SO₄^2->F^-.The geographical factors have great effect on the forming process of acid rain.The results also show that the acid ran in Shanghai has changed from sulfuric acid rain type to sulfuric and nitric acid rain complex type.更多还原