【摘要】 微乳浸泡型洗涤剂较有机溶剂更节能、安全、环保。在微乳液洗涤剂中加入少量无机盐能明显改善洗涤效果。在m(SDS)∶m(C10H22)∶m(C4H9OH)∶m(H2O)=112∶96∶75∶178的微乳液中加入总质量0.1%的NaCl,此微乳液洗涤剂对原油洗涤过程的速率方程为一级,洗涤过程活化能为27.77 kJ.mol-1,比无盐微乳液洗涤剂低6.24 kJ.mol-1。25℃下,被原油污染的布样置于加盐微乳液中浸泡360 min,洗净度可达90.91%,比无盐微乳液洗净度高5.45%。低温段加盐微乳液洗涤效果好于无盐微乳液,温度升高后,随洗涤时间的延长,加盐微乳液的洗涤效果不如无盐微乳液。更多还原

【Abstract】 The microemulsion dipping detergent is energy-saving,safe and of benefit to environments comparing with organic solvent.The detergency can be improved by addition of inorganic salts in the microemulsion detergent.The microemulsion was produced when m(SDS)∶m(C10H22)∶m(C4H9OH)∶m(H2O) equalled to 112∶96∶75∶178.With addition of 0.1% NaCl in the microemulsion,the kinetic equation was first order when it was used to wash crude oil.The activation energy was 27.77 kJ·mol-1,which was 6.24 kJ·mol-1 lower than that of microemulsion detergent without inorganic salts.If the cloth contaminated by crude oil was dipped for 360 min at 25℃,the detergency reached 90.91%,which was 5.45% higher than that of microeumlsion detergent without salts.The microemulsion detergent with inorganic salts was much better than the one without inorganic salts under lower temperature.However,when the temperature increased and washing time became longer,the detergency of microemulsion detergent without inorganic salts became better.更多还原