【摘要】 采用FAO-PM公式,参照毗邻地区的灌溉试验成果和当地群众的灌水经验,结合土壤供水量和不同作物对地下水的利用量,根据渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲区域2005年的作物种植面积,计算该区农作物的总需水量。结果表明:渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲农作物需水量总计8.01×108m3,农作物需水量占河道来水量的28.49%。作物总需水中粮食作物需水量占37.22%,经济作物的占59.35%,饲料作物的占3.43%。粮食作物需水定额较经济作物和饲料作物高,就具体作物而言,水稻、蔬菜、冬小麦、棉花、苜蓿、油菜等需水定额较高,玉米、瓜类和薯类等较低。各县单位面积需水量差异不大,平均值为5 890.35 m3/hm2,库车县最高,为6 035.32 m3/hm2,沙雅县最低5 746.37 m3/hm2。农业需水量与作物结构密切相关。农业用水浪费严重,使渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲农作物实际用水量远高于其需水量的理论计算值。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the light of the adjacent areas’ irrigation test results,the local irrigation experiences,soil water and the use of groundwater by different crops,according to the actual crops area in 2005,the total cropping water requirement in the oasis on the Ugan-Kuqa Delta was calculated by using FAO-PM formula.The results show that the total cropping water demand is 8.01×108 m3,28.49% of the total water resources.In the case of cropping water requirement,grain crops account for 37.22%,economic crops account for 59.35%,feeding crops account for 3.43%.The water duty of grain crops is higher than that of economic crops and feeding crops.Specifically,the water duty of rice,vegetables,wheat, cotton and alfalfa is higher,the water duty of maize,rape,melons and potatoes is lower.The average water demand is 5890.35 m3/hm2,the highest 6 035.32 m3/hm2 in Kuqa County,the lowest 5746.37 m3/hm2 in Shaya county.As the cropping water duty does not change by different county,it is closely related to the crops structure.Because of the serious water waste,the actual water consumption is much higher than the theoretical value in the oasis on Ugan-Kuqa River Delta.更多还原