【摘要】 本文对陕西洋县16年间朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)年龄对繁殖成功率的影响进行了研究,结果表明:朱鹮首次参加繁殖的平均年龄为3.89±1.40年(n=73),雌雄分别为3.64±1.36年(n=37)和4.17±1.47年(n=36),差异不显著。2-3龄亲鸟的平均窝卵数、孵化率和出飞率显著低于4-10龄的繁殖个体;>10龄繁殖个体的产卵数和卵的受精率显著降低,但雏鸟成活率较高。三个年龄组之间的繁殖成功率无显著差异(F2,146=1.963,P=0.144)。随着雌雄亲鸟年龄的增长,幼鸟的出飞率显著增加。刚参加繁殖的2龄雌性产卵数很低(2.63±0.74,n=8),至5龄时达到最大值(3.2±0.92,n=10)。6-9龄的雌雄个体产卵数量处于相对的低峰,10龄左右有所恢复(3.0±0,n=3),此后维持一个相对较低的水平(2.55±0.99,n=20)。刚参加繁殖的雄性朱鹮(2年)形成的配对卵的孵化率较低(0.67±0.29,n=3),但在第二年迅速达到高峰,而且能维持5-6年的时间。9-10年时略有下降(0.88±0.18,n=2;0.93±0.17,n=3),10年以后维持在一个较低的水平上(0.56±0.51,n=19)。更多还原

【Abstract】 The breeding population of the crested ibis Nipponia nippon in the wild was studied in Yangxian County,Shaanxi Province,over 16 breeding seasons with particular attention being paid to the influences of age on reproductive success.The mean age of these birds at first recorded breeding was 3.89±1.40 years（n=73）.Age at first reproduction did not differ significantly between the sexes: females 3.64±1.36 years（n=37）;males 4.17±1.47 years（n=36）.The mean clutch size,hatching and fledgling numbers achieved by 2-3-year-old individuals were significantly lower than that of 4-10-year-old birds.Clutch size and hatching success of>10-year-old individuals was reduced significantly,but chick survival was high.Breeding success among the three age groups was not statistically different（F₂,146=1.963,P=0.144）.Fledgling numbers increased with the age of both male and female parents up to eight years of age.Two-year-old females that first attempt to breed lay less eggs（2.63±0.74,n=8）,but reach a maximum when they reach five years of age（3.2±0.92,n=10）.The birds lay relatively larger clutches until 10-years-old（3.0±0,n=3）,then clutch size decreases progressively（2.55±0.99,n=20）.Eggs laid by a female paired with a firstly breeding male（2-years-old） had a relatively low hatch rate（0.67±0.29,n=3）,but reached a maximum（100%,n=13） in the next year and for the following 5-6 years.There was a slight reduction（0.88±0.18,n=2;0.93±0.17,n=3） in clutch size when the birds were 9-10 years old and this remained stable at lower levels（0.56±0.51,n=19）.更多还原