【摘要】 于2001年4月,在浙江象山港虾塘和象山外海滩涂分别采集100个缢蛏(SinonovaculaconstrictaLamarck)样品,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,分析了2个群体各38个样本的EST、ADH、MDH、IDH、ME、LDH、GDH、SOD、SDH、ATP等10种同工酶,分别记录了30、29个基因位点。其中s MDH 1、SDH、s ME、ATP 1、ATP 2等5个位点为多态位点。象山野生缢蛏群体的多态位点比例(17 24%)和群体平均杂合度观察值(0 0377)都明显高于养殖群体(16 67%,0 0314)。结果表明,与其他贝类比较缢蛏象山养殖和象山野生群体拥有较低的遗传变异水平,其中象山野生群体比养殖群体遗传变异水平高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sinonovacula constricta Lamarck is an important economical species along the coast of China. In recent years,it has suffered heavy decrease in its resources,and the wild stocks and their genetic diversity have been threatened to some extent due to overfishing and changes of ecological environment. It is the time to investigate the genetic diversity of Sinonovacula constricta.In April 2001,samples of Sinonovacula constricta Lamarck were collected from the coast of Xiangshan Bay(Zhejiang Province). Mantle was fetched from each of the samples and tested at once or stored in refrigerator(-70℃) for test. Tissues were homogenized in mercaptoethanol buffer (0.05%) at a ratio of 1∶3(g/mL) with ice-bath and centrifuged at 12×103 r/min for 30min. The supernatant of samples was used as the enzyme source and analyzed by electrophoresis and specific enzyme staining methods. Electrophresis was carried out on vertical polyacrylamide gels at 300V (TG buffer ) or 100V(TC buffer) for approximately 4 or 5h at the temperature of 4℃. Thirty and twenty-nine loci of 10 enzymes were detected in the hatchery stock and the wild population respectively,and allele frequencies of each loci in the hatchery stock and the wild population were calculated,of which,five loci such as s-MDH-1,SDH,s-ME,ATP-1,and ATP-2 were found polymorphic in the hatchery stock and the wild population. The proportion of polymorphic loci(P.95) in the hatchery stock and the wild population was 16.67% and 17.24%,respectively.The mean heterozygosity observed was 0.0314 and 0.0377,respectively.The mean heterozygosity expected was 0.0523 and 0.0616,respectively.The mean effective number was 1.1613 and 1.1667,respectively.The deviation index from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrum was -0.3999 and -0.3878,respectively. The CIGV was 0.0059 and 0.0073,respectively.The genetic diversity of the Sinonovacula constricta was lower than the average of bivalve. The wild population possessed higher genetic variation than the hatchery stock. Genetic variability showed that Sinonovacula constricta resource quality was bad,and overfishing shoud be prohibited to protect the resources of Sinonovacula constricta in Xiangshan Bay.更多还原