【摘要】 在穆勒两种因果关系学说的基础上,哲学家刘易斯(Lewes)正式提出了突现概念。英国突现主义学派进一步将突现的理念和层级进化的观点发展成一个哲学体系。当代复杂系统突现论、各种新突现论的哲学学派,继承了英国突现主义学派的核心观点,而在系统层次突现的起源和机制的探索上具有新突破。更多还原

【Abstract】 John Mill drew a distinction between "two modes of the conjoint action of causes". George Henry Lewes coined the term emergence based on Mill’s idea. British emergentism developed the notion of emergence and the theory of hierarchical evolution and formed a system of philosophy. Contemporary theories of emergence inherit the core views of British emergentism and make a breakthrough in the origin and mechanism of emergence.更多还原