【摘要】 目的通过观察蚊媒季节消长、嗜血习性、叮咬行为和疟疾子孢子率以研究出它们在云南湄公河上游河谷地带传疟作用的关系。方法村内采取诱蚊灯和人工诱捕方法捕蚊;现场采取显微镜解剖蚊虫的方法观察唾腺子孢子,实验室采用ELISA技术检测蚊虫体内环子孢子蛋白(CSP)。结果村内共捕获16种按蚊。现场显微镜解剖7种按蚊,1 010只经产蚊中,发现了7只唾液腺感染子孢子;ELISA方法检测现场捕回的8种按蚊,5 154只各龄期蚊中,发现11只环子孢子蛋白阳性蚊。微小按蚊、中华按蚊、多斑按蚊子孢子阳性率(包括ELISA环子孢子蛋白阳性和镜检唾腺子孢子感染蚊)分别是0.37%、0.22%、0.32%,昆虫接种率分别估算为9.82、3.97、2.69。这些蚊媒叮咬活动起始于黄昏,并整夜有活动,但微小按蚊夜间活动高峰出现于子夜,中华按蚊和多斑按蚊的高峰则在21:00之前。它们的人血指数都在80%以上。结论以上结果显示微小按蚊、中华按蚊和多斑按蚊是湄公河上游河谷地带的重要传疟媒介。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To study the role of the malaria vectors in the upper valley of Mekong River in Yunnan by studying their seasonal abundance,host preference,biting behaviors and sporozites rates.Methods Mosquitoes were collected by light-traps and human landing catches in villages;sporozoites were detected in the salivary glands under microscopy in the field sites and circumsporozoite proteins(CSP) from mosquito was tested by ELISA.Results A total of 16 Anopheles species were caught in villages.7 sporozoite positive mosquitoes in the salivary glands were found from 1 010 parous mosquitoes in 7 Anopheles species in the fields;CSP were detected positive in 11 mosquitoes by ELISA out of 5 154 mosquitoes in 8 Anopheles species.sporozoites rate was 0.37%,0.22% and 0.32% in Anopheles minimus,An.sinensis and An. maculatus respectively(including CSP positive by ELISA and sporozoite positive in the salivary glands),and their entomological inoculation rate was estimated to be 9.82,3.97 and 2.69 respectively.The biting activity began after dusk and was maintained through the night,but feeding peak of the An.minimus was in the midnight,and that of An.sinensis and An.maculatus occurred before 21:00.The human blood index was over 80% for all 3 mosquitoes.Conclusion It is suggested that An.minimus,An.sinensis and An.maculatus are the most important malaria vectors in the upper valley of Mekong River.【更多还原