【摘要】 目的总结颈枕区融合术后的并发症,探讨其防治策略。方法回顾性分析1985年1月至2003年1月行颈枕区融合的318例患者,术后出现各种并发症65例次。并发症分为颈枕区并发症(围手术期并发症、中远期并发症)和供骨区并发症进行统计和分析。结果2名医师联系并接待复诊患者,300例获得随访,随访时间1.5～18年,平均6年8个月。单纯融合组并发症15例次,发生率38.5%,1例次神经症状加重、2例次植骨块移位、1例次植骨块吸收以及1例次植骨块不愈合者经翻修而恢复。融合内固定组并发症50例次,发生率19.1%。1例次Simmons钢丝固定术后神经症状加重,采用枕大孔减压颈枕融合Cervifix固定,神经症状明显改善。1例次先天性寰枢椎脱位Axis固定术后椎体移位加重,经口齿突切除、颈枕融合Cervifix固定。1例次Simmons钢丝固定术后3个月发现棘突骨折,行C1,2融合Vetex侧块螺钉固定,3个月后植骨块融合。螺钉方向不当致一过性神经根损伤者术中调整螺钉方向。4枚螺钉退出引起疼痛者取出螺钉。椎动脉损伤者经结扎椎动脉或拧入螺钉而止血。结论颈枕区融合术可发生多种并发症,恰当的处理预后良好。熟悉解剖、掌握技巧是减少并发症的前提,正确选择内固定系统可减少并发症的发生。加压包扎是处理供骨区血肿的有效方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To summarize the complications after cervico-occipital fusion and to explore the methods of the prevention and treatment of complications. Methods Three hungred and eighteen patients were fused in cervico-occipital region from January 1985 to January 2003. Of them, 65 cases with postoperative complications were reviewed. The complications in perioperative period comprised vertebral artery injury during the operation, temporary injury of nerve root, leakage of cerebrospinal fluid, spinal cord injury or deterioration, infection and asphyxiation. The complications in mid- to long-term included bone graft nonunion or delayed fusion, vertebral body shifting, internal fixation implants breaking or loosening, slipping of screws and pseudojoint formation. The complications in bone graft donor region were haematoma, pain and infection. Two physicians were assigned to follow-up the patients. Results Three hungred cases were followed up from 18 months to 18 years with an average of 6 years and 8 months. There were 15 cases with complications after surgery in single fusion group, the incidence was 24.4%. 1 case deteriorated of spinal function after surgery, 2 with bone graft displacement, 1 with bone graft absorption, 1 with bone graft nonunion who recovered after reconstruction. 50 complications presented in internal fixation group, the incidence was 19.1%, Foramen magnum was decompressed in 1 case with vertebral displacement and fixed with Cervifix. Odontoid process was resected in 1 case with atlanto-axis dislocation and deterioration of spinal function through oral approach and cervico-occipital region was fused, the symptom was improved obviously after operation. Spinous process fracture was found in 1 case 3 months later post-fixation with Simmons wire, the atlanto-odontoid vertebra was fused again and fixed with Vetex, the bone graft was fused completely. The temporary injury of nerve root due to wrong directions of the screws, were adjusted during the operation. 4 patients who felt pain caused by screw, which were then extruded out. 2 cases with vertebral artery injury were ligated or bleeding ceased after screw fixation. Conclusion The key points to reduce the complications are familiarity with dissection and operative skills. Appropriate internal fixation also can reduce the complications. Pressure dressing was useful to eliminate the haematoma in bone graft donor region.更多还原