【摘要】 目的为开展有效的麻疹病原学监测。方法对北京市疾病预防控制中心(CDC)麻疹实验室1998~2003年麻疹病毒分离结果进行了初步分析,以实验室确诊率、标本阳性检出率、病毒分离成功率等指标评价监测工作。结果153例麻疹疑似病例经实验室检测确诊112例,确诊率为73·20%。1998~2003年病毒分离成功者15例(16株),占确诊病例总数的13·39%,病毒分离成功率随病例出疹天数的延长而逐渐降低。在麻疹确诊病例尿液标本中,病毒阳性检出率为29·63%,显著高于咽拭子中的检出率(7·48%)。此外,23例同时收集有咽拭子和尿液标本的确诊病例中,病毒分离成功率为34·78%,尿液和咽拭子标本阳性检出率分别为26·09%(6/23)和13·04%(3/23)。结论增强现场流行病学调查人员对麻疹病例的鉴别能力,同时采集咽拭子和尿液标本,加强与医疗单位的合作,不断提高出疹3d内合格标本采集率,切实保证标本储存、运输条件,对超过急性出疹5d的标本不再进行病毒分离。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To develop pathogenic surveillance on measles effectively,the results of isolation on measles virus in laboratory of Beijing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1998-2003 had been analyzed. Methods To evaluate the surveillance efficiency the indexes of diagnosis rate in laboratory,detection rate for positive in specimen,and success rate of virus isolation were used.A total of 153 suspected measles cases had been detected. Results 112 measles cases were confirmed and the diagnosis rate was 73.20%;there were 15 cases (16 plants) from which measles virus was isolated successfully,it was 13.39% in all measles cases.We tested specimens collected at different rash times and found that succeed rate of virus isolation declined along with the days after rash occurrence.Among diagnosed measles cases the detection rate for positive in urine was 29.63%, it was higher than in swab (7.48%) evidently.Furthermore the success rate of virus isolation was 34.78% in 23 measles cases from which both swab and urine specimens were collected.The detected rate for positive in urine and inswab were 26.09%(6/23) and 13.04% (3/23). Conclusions We suggest that the ability of epidemic investigator on identification measles cases should be strengthened,swab and urine specimens should be collected at the same time,medical treatment institution should be cooperated closely to advance the collection rate of qualified specimen within 3 days after rash occurrence,the condition of refrigeration and transfer should be ensured, specimens collected exceed 5 days after rash appearance should not be detected for virus isolation.更多还原