【摘要】 目的　了解户县麻疹流行病学特征 ,加速控制麻疹。方法　对户县 1 970～ 2 0 0 3年麻疹发病情况进行了流行病学分析。结果　发病有明显不同的两个阶段 :1 970～ 1 984年麻疹发病呈高发状态 ,具有明显的周期性 ,每隔 2～3年出现 1个发病高峰 ,整个流行呈阶梯形下降态势 ;1 985～ 2 0 0 3年发病呈低发状态 ,其发病率波动在 0. 35/ 1 0万～ 7. 71 / 1 0万 ;流行模式为散发和爆发并存 ,以爆发为主 ,局部麻疹爆发影响着全县的发病水平 ;3～ 6月为麻疹高发病季节。不同时期麻疹发病年龄分布提示 ,发病年龄后移。对麻疹病例的免疫史分析表明 ,30 %未接种麻疹疫苗 (MV) ,24%免疫史不详。结论　今后加速控制麻疹应继续加强MV的常规免疫 ,提高MV的初种、复种覆盖率和有效接种率 ;在全县范围适时开展MV强化免疫 ;重新调整或制定现行MV免疫程序 ;加强麻疹监测与报告 ;对疫点及时应急处理 ,防止麻疹爆发更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the epidemic situation of measles in Hu County and speed up its control work. Methods The epidemic situation measles morbidity from 1970-2003 were analyzed. Results The results revealed that the incidence had two obvious different stages.From 1970-1984,the incidence was much higher with the clear periodicity,a peak time coming every two or three years,and the whole epidemic situation showing the ladder shape with the decline.From 1985 to 2003 the incidence was lower,changing from(0.35-7.71/10 millon range).The epidemic forms had two kinds,scattering and fulminanting,mainly the fulminanting kind.The part fulminanting incidence influenced the intensity of measles of the whole county.Each year from March to June, measles had its peak time,mainly in the children of 4-10 years old.Age distribution of different stages declared the incidence age postponed.The analysis of immunity history of measles’ cases showed that 30 percent of those cases did not take measles vaccination,and the immunity history of 24 percent were not detailed. (Conclusion )Suggestions for future are the following control strategies:continuing to strengthen the general immunity work of measles,improving the ratio of the first vaccination,the reinjection and the effective injection,expanding the numbers of the measles intensive immunity for the older group in the whole county;adjusting or drafting the current procedures of the measles immunity,strengthening the supervision and report of the measles’ epidemic situation,handling the measles spot in an emergency and preventing its fulmination.更多还原