【摘要】 通过田间小区试验,对施用氮肥造成的冬小麦产量、品质和环境效应进行了研究.结果表明,4个试验点最高产量施N量分别为0、0、79和118 kg.hm-2,最高籽粒粗蛋白质含量施N量分别为122、100、127和174 kg.hm-2,小麦收获后0~90 cm土壤剖面硝态氮残留量随施N量的增加呈极显著线性增加,而N表观损失则呈指数增加.在最高产量施N量条件下,小麦收获后0~90 cm土层硝态氮残留保持86~115 kg.hm-2,N表观损失为2~32 kg.hm-2,低于最高籽粒粗蛋白含量施N量时的土壤剖面硝态氮残留量(106~168 kg.hm-2)和N表观损失量(14~56 kg.hm-2).综合考虑冬小麦产量、品质和环境安全,最高产量施N和氮肥施用的环境效应可以通过优化施N进行协调.更多还原

【Abstract】 Field experiments were conducted at four sites in 2002 to study the effects of N fertilization on winter wheat yield and its crude protein content and apparent N losses.The results showed that at these sites,the N application rate for maximum grain yield was 0,0,79 and 118 kg·hm^-2,and that for maximum grain crude protein content was 122,100,127 and 174 kg·hm^-2,respectively.The residual nitrate-N content in 0～90 cm soil layer after harvest was linearly increased,while the apparent N losses during wheat growth season was exponentially increased with increasing N application rate.Under the N application rate for maximum yield,soil residual nitrate-N content ranged from 86 to 115 kg·hm^-2 and apparent N losses ranged from 2 to 32 kg·hm^-2,which were much lower than the residual nitrate-N content(106～168 kg·hm^-2)and apparent N losses(14～56 kg·hm^-2)when the maximum grain crude protein content was achieved.The results showed that the maximum wheat grain yield and the environment effects of N fertilization could be harmonized by an optimized N application rate,but,if considering the importance of wheat grain protein,more research in the future should be needed.更多还原