The pollen grains of 8 species from the Clethraceae and Violaceae were investigated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.Comparisons of the pollen morphology of 36 species within Actinidiaceae,Theaceae,Stachyuraceae,Flacourtiaceae,and Staphyleaceae which were studied by previous researchers,and together with their characters of embryology,the systematic relationships among the 7 families were discussed.Pollen data supported a treatment that a large part of species of Flacourtiaceae were m...