【摘要】 以中国的高油分自交系“高油”和欧洲高含油量品种“Sollux”的F1产生的282个株系组成的双二倍体(DH)群体为材料,在125个SSR标记座位构建的连锁图谱基础上,根据在中国和欧洲四个不同环境下的表型鉴定结果,采用混合线性模型基础上的QTL分析软件,对油菜3个重要农艺性状:株高,开花期和成熟期进行了数量性状基因座位(QTL)的联合定位分析,估测了这些QTL的加性、上位性以及与环境的互作效应。结果表明各性状均受多个加性、加加上位以及与环境互作的QTL控制。株高受多个QTL影响(12个位点具有加性或兼有环境互作效应,5个位点具有互作效应),以加性效应为主,加性效应总和可解释定位群体表型变异的75%左右,并多兼有上位性效应。12个主效QTL中,9个是“高油”等位基因相对“Sollux”有降低株高的作用,大多数加性×环境互作QTL的有效等位基因具有环境选择特异性。7个ae基因座位中,5个“高油”等位基因在杭州种植环境下,除一例外所有在德国环境下的互作基因座中,“Sollux”等位基因起着增加株高的作用,加加上位性主效总和为加性主效总和的三分之一。7个控制花期和8个控制成熟期的主效QTL中,分别有6个和5个是来自“高油”的等位基因相对“Sollux”具有提前开花和成熟的效应,这些QTL的效应总和占到性状表型变异的60%左右。5个位于第2和第12连锁群中的2个大效应QTL可能和已多次报导的VFN1和VFN3基因相近或相同。开花期和成熟期两性状均检测到显著的ae互作效应,双亲等位基因的效应在各环境下呈离散分布。位于14和19连锁群上的两个主效株高QTL同时也是控制开花期和油分含量的基因位点,因而利用这两个位点进行标记辅助筛选时要考虑到对油分含量的影响。控制成熟期的8个主效QTL中有3个同时也是控制开花期的基因座位,证实了开花期和成熟期高度正相关的遗传基础,两个生育性状均表现有较弱的QTL间加加上位互作,但以主效QTL的作用为主。更多还原

【Abstract】 A rapeseed population consisted of 282 doubled ha pl oid (DH) lines derived from a cross between a European vality “Sallux” and a C hinese inbred line “Gaoyou” was planted in 4 locations,2 in Xi’an and Hangzho u,China, and 2 in Goettingen,Germany.Field experiments were carried out to obtai n agronomically phenotypic data from above four environments.A linkage map inclu ding 125 SSR-markers was constructed and QTL analyses was performed using mixed model approach to detect QTLs showing additive(a),epistasis(aa) as well as their interactions with environments (QE) for three important agronomic traits:plant height,flowering time and maturity.The results demonstrated that ea ch trait was controlled by several QTLs with additive effect and a number of QTL s with epistatic and QE interaction effects.Plant height was controlled by m any QTLs (12 loci with a or combined ae ,5 loci with ae).Additive ef fects were predominant,totally explained 75% of the phenotypic variation and oft en combined with digenic epistasis.Of 12 main QTLs,9 showed Gaoyou alleles decr easing plant height.Most of QTLs with QE effects showed ecologically favoura ble alleles in diverse regions.Five of 7 ae loci showed Gaoyou alleles in Ha ngzhou and all the ae loci but one had Sollux alleles in two locations of Ge rmany increasing plant height.The digenic epistatic main effect accounted for on e third of total additive main effects. In this study,we discovered 7 and 8 loci having significant additive main effect s upon flowering time and maturity,respectively.Of them,early flowering and matu rity alleles were respectively 6 and 5 derived from Chinese parent Gaoyou.All th ese QTLs together accounted for around 60% of the phenotypic variation for each trait.Significant ae interactions were detected for flowering time and matur ity and parental alleles showed almost evenly dispersal at all environments.Thre e of 8 main QTLs for maturity were located at similar or identical positions as QTLs for flowering time,which confirmed the close correlation between these two traits. Two QTLs for plant height on linkage groups N14-1 and 19 were located at simil ar positions as QTL for flowering time and as already known QTLs for oil content .Selection for reduced plant height and early flowering might reduce oil content .Digenic epistatic QTLs both for flowering time and maturity were detected but m uch less important than QTLs with additive effects.更多还原