【摘要】 目的摸清广东省宝石加工工作场所粉尘危害和宝石加工工人矽肺(GW S)的发病特征。方法对152家宝石加工厂和4 591名宝石加工工人进行矽肺横断面流行病学调查。结果152家宝石加工厂工作场所粉尘短时间接触容许浓度平均1.9 mg/m3(超标率55.58%),游离S iO2含量平均(70.89±21.79)%。在4 591名接尘工人中,检出各期GW S 137例,检出率为2.98%,发病年龄(30.03±5.52)岁,接尘工龄(5.69±2.30)年,工种以切粒工居多(91.97%)。患者呼吸系统症状明显,X射线胸片表现以圆形小阴影q为主。并发肺结核为10.22%,肺气肿33.58%,自发性气胸4.38%。肺通气功能损害43.07%,以混合型为最高(21.90%)。工伤评残为完全丧失劳动能力者占56.93%。结论广东GW S患者发病年轻,接尘工龄短,呼吸系统症状明显,并发症多,致病残程度较重,预后差。宝石加工粉尘对工人健康危害极大,应高度重视做好GW S防治工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To study the epidemiological features in harmful dust workplaces and silicosis in gem processing workers（GWS） in Guangdong.Methods A cross-section epidemiological investigation was carried out in 152 gem processing factories and（4 591） gem processing workers in Guangdong.Result The average dust concentration（permissible concentration-short term exposure limit,PC-STEL） in workplaces of 152 gem processing factories was 1.9 mg/m³（exceeding the mark rate 55.58%）,and the average free SiO₂ was（70.89 ±21.79） %.The incidence of GWS in 4 591 gem processing workers was 2.98 %（137/（4 591））.The age of GWS suffering from silicosis and the duration of dust exposure were（30.03 ±5.52） and（（5.69）±2.30） years respectively.The type of work was mainly gem cutting（91.97%）.Obvious respiratory symptoms were observed.Chest radiographic examination showed mainly small round opacities "q".Some patients were complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis（10.22%）,pulmonary emphysema（33.58%） or spontaneous pneumothorax（4.38%）.Pulmonary ventilative capacity in 59 cases（43.07%） were damaged,with the highest（21.90%） seen in the mix type patients.56.93% of the GWS were diagnosed as complete loss of their work-capacity.Conclusion It was concluded that the features of GWS in Guangdong province were observed to be young age of the workers,short duration of dust exposure,obvious symptoms of respiratory system,with much complications,and poor prognosis.The hazards of gem dust to workers were extraordinary serious.Moreover,great attention should be paid to the prevention of GWS.更多还原