【摘要】 目的:探讨体育运动对普通残疾人、普通残疾人运动员和优秀残疾人运动员心理状态的影响。方法:调查于2002-08/2003-10完成。对普通残疾人的调查是在上海市、广东省、山西省、福建省、江西省残联组织有关活动时进行;对残疾人运动员的调查是在全国第六届残运会召开时进行。调查采取随机取样的方式。被试包括普通残疾人104人;普通残疾人运动员46人;优秀残疾人运动员41人。优秀与普通残疾人运动员的划分标准根据其是否获得过全国比赛的奖牌。访谈研究对象1是获得全国残运会金牌、远南运动会金牌和残奥会铜牌的某山东籍盲人柔道运动员。访谈研究对象2是上海市残疾人体育中心的少年残疾人运动员。利用简式心境状态剖面图中国常模(大学生)进行定量调查;利用访谈法进行定性调查。简式心境状态剖面图包括紧张、愤怒、疲劳、抑郁、精力、慌乱和与自尊有关的情绪7个分量表。问卷调查以集体纸笔的方式现场进行。访谈的内容主要集中在有关体育运动方面内容。组间差异采用t检验。结果:发放问卷191份,全部收回且合格。有效率为100%。①普通女残疾人愤怒分量表的分数高于普通男残疾人,差异有显著性[(51.71±12.11),(47.84±9.55),t=4.881,P=0.029],而精力分量表的分数低于普通男残疾人,差异有显著性[(47.68±8.35),(52.34±9.43),t=4.481,P=0.037]。②男性普通残疾人愤怒分量表分数高于残疾运动员,差异有显著性[(47.84±9.55),(47.48±11.39),t=4.260,P=0.041],而抑郁分量表分数低于残疾运动员,差异有显著性[(49.05±11.49),(50.27±11.06),t=5.594,P=0.020]。③普通男性残疾运动员的愤怒与抑郁分数显著高于优秀男残疾人运动员,差异有显著性[(51.81±12.83),(43.16±7.79),t=11.357,P=0.001],[(55.29±12.01),(45.26±7.24),t=8.960,P=0.004]。④女性普通残疾运动员的紧张与抑郁分量表的分数显著高于优秀残疾运动员,差异有显著性[(49.73±8.39),(46.50±13.44),t=4.715,P=0.040],[(53.53±13.89),(43.20±6.81),t=4.390,P=0.047]。⑤个案调查结果显示成为优秀残疾人运动员后自信增强,安定感与满意感增加。进入上海市残疾人体育中心的少年残疾人运动员的访谈结果也显示其自信心得到加强。结论:普通残疾人、普通残疾人运动员和优秀残疾人运动员的心境状态都未显示冰山剖面图的形状。参加体育运动对残疾人的心理状态有积极的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 AIM: To probe into the influence of sports on the mental state of general disabled persons and athletes, and elite disabled athletes. METHODS: The investigations had been going between August 2002 and October 2003. The nvestigations about general disabled persons were carried out when the Disabled Persons Federation had recreational and physical activities in Shanghai city, Guangdong, Shanxi, Fujian and Jiangxi provinces. The investigations about disabled athletes were carried out in the 6th national games for the disabled. Samplings were randomly selected, including 104 general disabled persons, 46 general disabled athletes and 41 elite disabled athletes. Differential criterion between general and elite disabled athletes was according to who had or not had acquired a trophy in the games for the disabled. Interviewees included an elite blind man judo and some young disabled athletes had been exercising in Shanghai Sports Center for Disability. Quantitative research had been made with shorted-version Profile of Mood State (POMS-RC, a college student norm) Qualitative research had been made with interview. POMS-RC included 7 subscales, they were tension, anger, fatigue, depression, vigor, confusion and emotion related with self-esteem. The administration of questionnaires was in paper-and-pencil and collective fashions. Interviews focused on something related with sports. The t test was used to evaluate the difference between groups. RESULTS: Totally 191 questionnaires were sent out, and all were collected back and valid, the effective ratio was 100%. ① General disabled women had significantly higher score of anger than general disabled men (51.71±12.11), (47.84±9.55), t=4.881, P=0.029, but significantly lower score of vigor than general disabled men (47.68±8.35), (52.34±9.43), t=4.481, P=0.037. ② There were significantly higher score of anger and significantly lower score of depression in general disabled men than in disabled athletes (47.84±9.55), (47.48±11.39), t=4.260, P=0.041 (49.05±11.49), (50.27±11.06), t=5.594, P=0.020. ③ The scores of anger and depression in male general disabled athletes were significantly higher than those in male elite disabled athletes (51.81±12.83), (43.16±7.79), t=11.357, P=0.001 (55.29±12.01), (45.26±7.24), t=8.960, P=0.004. ④ The scores of tension and depression in female general disabled athletes were significantly higher than those in female elite disabled athletes (49.73±8.39), (46.50±13.44), t=4.715, P=0.040 (53.53±13.89), (43.20±6.81), t=4.390, P=0.047. ⑤ The case studies showed that after becoming an elite disabled athlete, the male self-belief and sense of safe and satisfaction had been increased. The interview results showed that after had been enrolled for Shanghai Sports Center for Disability, the young disabled athletes’ self-belief had been increased. CONCLUSION: The mental state of all general disabled persons and athletes, and elite disabled athletes does not manifest the shape of iceberg profile. Taking part in sport has positive influence on the mental state of disabled persons.更多还原