【摘要】 目的探讨影响老年人静态平衡能力的主要因素,并修正基于静态平衡仪主要指标评价老年人平衡功能的参考数据。方法于2002-08-18/2002-08-20选取北京市海淀区上地小区以农民、工人为主的居民69人和育新小区以退休的大学教师为主的居民82人作为测试对象。年龄55～75岁,按5年段分为4组,55～60岁组,61～65岁组,66～70岁组,71～75岁组。用静态平衡仪采集老年人分别在平衡测力台上进行双足睁眼60s、双足闭眼60s、单足睁眼15s、单足闭眼5s、线形步(强化Rom berg步)睁眼40s、线形步闭眼20s的测试,记录下在6种姿势下的重心轨迹坐标(重心轨迹图)。对中心轨迹坐标编程进行处理,生成包括单足睁眼斜倾比例绝对值总共162个指标,进行数理统计后,选出能敏感反映老年人静态平衡能力的指标25个,再对25个指标进行多因子分析,选出6个指标作为老年人静态平衡能力评价系统的评分因子,针对老年人常用的静态平衡仪指标进行修正。结果得到完整资料113人,全部进入结果分析。①在所有计算出的103个指标中,根据指标对年龄的敏感性和与年龄的正相关性选出25个指标,并进行因子分析,为使分类集中,对因子载荷矩阵进行正交旋转,根据特征值li>1,累计贡献率>75%,得出反映老年人静态平衡能力的6个主成分。②根据选择条件,在第1个主成分中选择单足睁眼速率作为代表,第2个主成分选择线形步睁眼半径作为代表;第3个主成分选择双足闭眼半径作为代表;第4个主成分2个因子载荷相差较大,只能选择单足睁眼轨迹长作为代表;第5个主成分为单足睁眼X距离和第6个为线形步闭眼斜倾比例绝对值。③受试者综合得分随年龄增大而减少,在所分的4个组之间,除55～60岁组与61～65岁组之间在0.05水平上差异不存在显著性之外,其他组间差异都在0.01以下。结论所选6个指标单足睁眼速率、线形步睁眼半径、双足闭眼半径、单足睁眼轨迹长、单足睁眼X距离和线形步闭眼斜倾比例绝对值能较好的评价老年人静态平衡能力。老年人态平衡能力随年龄增大而减弱,特别在65岁左右平衡能力显著下降,年龄越大下降的速度越快。在对老年人静态平衡能力指标分析的基础上建立的老年人基于测力台的静态平衡能力测试系统能够比较正确反映老年人的静态平衡能力,有一定的实用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 AIM: To investigate the main factors that decide the static balance function of the elderly and modify the index evaluating static balance apparatus for reference data of equilibrium function of elderly people. METHODS: Sixty-nine elderly retired as peasant or worker from Shangdi community of Haidian district of Beijing City and other 82 elderly retired as university teachers from Yuxin community of Beijing City were tested between August 18th, 2002 and August 20th, 2002, respectively. All elderly aged from 55 to 75 years were grouped into 4 groups as 55 to 60 years group, 61 to 65 years group, 66 to 70 years group and 71 to 75 years group. All elderly were tested by static balance instrument. Every elderly took six tests in six different postures totally: standing quietly on the force plate with double feet and eye opening lasting for 60 s; with double feet and eye closing lasting for 60 s; with single foot and eye opening lasting for 15 s; with single foot and eye closing lasting for 5 s; with Romberg posture and eye opening lasting for 40 s and Romberg posture with eye closing lasting for 20 s. The tracks of the center of pressure of the elderly were recorded. 162 indices including PER1SOA and selected 25 indices from them by ANOVA were created and 6 indices as factors for evaluation system by multi-factor analysis were selected, and these indices were improvement of those evaluating static balance apparatus for elderly specially. RESULTS: 113 full materials were gained and all involved in the result analysis. ① Twenty-five indexes were selected from all 103 indices by the sensitivity and positive correlation to age. Six principal components that evaluated static balance apparatus for elderly specially according as the characteristic value (li > 1) and the sum of contribution (rate > 75%) were gotten. In the process the factor analysis and the orthogonal transformation of factor loading matrix to centralize classes were used. ② According as the terms informed in above paragraphs, VSO were selected as representative index among the first principal component, RLO among the second principal component for it’s arithmetic was simpler than that of AREACIRLO and RDC among the third principal component for the same reason. LNGSO were selected as representative index among the fourth principal component, the whole X length of single foot among the fifth principal component and the incline proportion of Romberg posture and eyes closing also. ③ The general evaluating scores decreased as aging, there were complete difference at level 0.01 between each two groups except for the double of group aged 55 to 60 and the group 61 to 65.CONCLUSION: The selected 6 indices including the velocity of single foot and eyes opening, the radius of weight centre trail map in Romberg posture and eye opening, the radius of two feet and eyes closing, the length of weight centre trail by single foot and eyes opening, the whole X length of single foot and eyes opening and the incline proportion of Romberg posture and eyes closing can evaluate the static balance function of the elderly. With ageing, the static balance function of elderly is declining gradually, but after 65 years, it declines quickly. The system of evaluating static balance function of the elderly based on the analyzing the indices of static balance function of the elderly can indicate the static balance function exactly, and has certain applied value.更多还原