【摘要】 芸薹属内遗传和变异类型极其丰富,这为芸薹属植物种间杂交提供了条件。通过甘蓝(B.oleracea,2n=CC=18)和芥菜型油菜(2n=AABB=36)的种间杂交可以获得六倍体新物种,为油菜育种创造新的种质资源。本文选用芥菜型油菜和黄籽羽衣甘蓝(B.oleraceavar.aceaphala,2n=CC=18)进行种间杂交,在10个杂交组合中,共授粉559朵花,剥离种子35粒,对所得种子进行组织培养,建立了9个无性系。对该无性系进行染色体加倍处理和形态学、生物化学、细胞学、育性综合鉴定,发现其中2个无性系为黄籽芥菜型油菜×黄籽羽衣甘蓝组合(03K169×03K05)的未加倍真杂种(2n=ABC=27),其籽粒为红色。杂种植株在各生长阶段,形态均趋近于甘蓝型油菜;在减数分裂后期Ⅰ、后期Ⅱ,杂种都有不同程度的染色体丢失现象。杂种的酯酶同工酶具有两个亲本互补酶带。杂种植株生长势较强,和双亲相比具有较强的杂种优势。杂种植株高度自交不亲和。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are abundant genetic types available for making interspecific hybrids in Brassica. New sextuploid species (2n=AABBCC=54) can be obtained through interspecific hybridization between Brassica juncea (2n=AABB=36) and Brassica oleracea (2n=CC=18). 10 crosses between B. juncea and B. oleracea var. aceaphala (2n=CC=18) were selected, and 559 flowers were pollinated artificially and 35 seeds were obtained, and 9 clones were gained through tissue culture (Table 1). These clones were treated for chromosome doubling and distinguished by the methods in morphology (PlateⅠ-1, PlateⅠ-2, PlateⅠ-3), cytology (PlateⅠ-4), biochemistry (Fig.1) and sterility. The results showed that two clones are true hybrids with red seedcoat, which derived from the same interspesific cross between B. oleracea var. aceaphala and B. juncea (03K169 × 03K05), however, they failed to be doubled in chromosome number. The hybrid plants were similar to B. napus in morphology in every growing period (PlateⅠ-1, PlateⅠ-2, PlateⅠ-3). Some chromosomes lost in different degrees in meiosis anaphaseⅠand meiosis anaphaseⅡ (PlateⅠ-4). The hybrids had complementary esterase isozyme bands compared with its parents in the zymograms (Fig.1). The hybrids had stronger growth vigor and higher heterosis than their parents (Table 2). Most of them are self-incompatibility highly.更多还原