【摘要】 采用田间小区试验研究了不同肥料组合对莴笋产量、品质和叶片养分形态的影响。结果表明,在施入等量氮肥的基础上,磷、钾、中量及微量元素和有机肥料平衡施用使莴笋极显著增产(135·8%~177·0%),其增产序列依次为NP1K2MgZnB>NP2K2>NP1K2RM>NP1K2PP>NP1K2Mg>NP1K2>NP2K1。不同肥料组合可降低莴笋叶片硝酸盐含量,以NP1K2MgZnB处理降低量最大,降低最少者为NP2K2处理;茎中硝酸盐含量以NP1K2RM处理降低量最大,NP2K1处理降低最小。肥料组合各处理对莴笋营养品质Vc和氨基酸以提高作用为主,以NP1K2MgZnB处理对莴笋产量和品质的效应最好。莴笋叶片养分形态中,氮素以蛋白氮为主,磷素和钾素分别以非蛋白磷和非蛋白钾为主。不同肥料组合对莴笋叶片氮和磷素形态的效应不一致,对3种钾形态均有提高作用。各养分形态中,氮素仅非蛋白氮与茎硝酸盐呈显著负相关,与茎Vc呈显著正相关,与叶氨基酸呈极显著正相关;磷素以非蛋白磷与叶Vc、茎氨基酸呈显著负相关;钾素的非蛋白钾和全钾与叶硝酸盐呈显著负相关,与茎硝酸盐为极显著负相关,与叶Vc、茎Vc呈显著正相关,与茎氨基酸呈极著正相关,蛋白钾与茎硝酸盐呈极显著负相关,与叶Vc、茎Vc、茎氨基酸呈显著正相关,与叶氨基酸呈极著正相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 A field experiment was conducted to study effects of fertilizer combination on yield, quality and forms of nutrients in leaf of lettuce. The results show that yield of lettuce was significantly increased （135.8%～177.0%） by balanced application of secondary- and micro-nutrient fertilizer and organic fertilizer in addition to N application at the same rate in CK. In terms of yield increment, the treatments were in the sequence of NP₁K₂MgZnB>NP₂K₂>NP₁K₂RM> NP₁K₂PP>NP₁K₂Mg>NP₁K₂>NP₂K₁. Nitrate contents of lettuce were reduced in all treatments. It was the most significant in Treatment NP₁K₂MgZnB and the least in Treatment NP₂K₂ in leaf, and the most in Treatment NP₁K₂RM and the least in Treatment NP₂K₂ in stem. Quality of the lettuce was improved in all the treatments and the most in Treatment NP₁K₂RM. In terms of forms of nutrients in the plant, protein-N, non-protein-P and non-protein-K dominate, respectively, in the lettuce leaf. Effects of fertilizer combination on forms of N and P nutrients in the leaf of lettuce differed from treatment to treatment but the effects of raising contents of the three forms of potassium were similar. Among the forms of nutrients, only non-protein-N showed a significantly negative correlation with nitrate in the stem of lettuce, but a positive one with Vc content in the stem and amino acid content in the leaf, non-protein-P showed a significantly negative correlation with Vc in the leaf and amino acid in the stem, and non-protein K and total K showed a significantly negative correlation with nitrate in the leaf but a positive one with Vc contents in the stem and leaf and amino acid in stem. Protein K showed a significantly negative correlation with nitrate in the stem, but a positive one with Vc and amino acid in the stem and leaf.更多还原