【摘要】 在亚热带丘陵区茶园通过连续4a的大田对比试验,研究了覆盖与间作对茶园土壤水分供应和其他生态因子的调控效果以及对茶叶品质、产量的影响。结果表明:茶园土壤含水量具有明显的时空变化特征,其年动态变化可分为饱和稳定期(2~6月)、急剧下降期(7~10月)和逐步回升期(11月至次年1月)3个时期,与茶树的全年生长发育时期(春茶采摘期、夏秋茶采摘期及休眠越冬期)的需水规律非常吻合;随着土层的加深,茶园土壤的含水量逐渐增大,变异幅度减小,在高温干旱和持续干旱时期,各层次的水分含量均呈下降趋势,0~20 cm的表土层下降趋势明显,20~40 cm,40~60 cm土层下降缓慢,且滞后效应非常明显,分别滞后了8 d和13 d;间作白三叶和稻草覆盖对茶园土壤水分供应状况的调控效果表现为:提高了关键土层(0~20 cm)和关键时期(4~10月春夏秋茶采摘期)的土壤水分,延缓和缩短了干旱时间;同时加强了茶园生态系统的自我调控能力,最终促进了茶树的生长,改善了茶叶品质,提高了茶叶产量,清耕、白三叶间作和稻草覆盖的产量分别为149.08 g/m2,199.75 g/m2和188.12 g/m2,其中以间作白三叶的效果更好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Effects of straw mulching and intercropping white clover on soil moisture and other ecological factors and the quality and yield of tea were studied.The results were as follows: The soil moisture change in a year has been divided into three stages(i.e.saturated stabilization,sharp dropping and ascending,) and accords with the law of needing water of tea tree in whole yearly growth and development.The soil moisture increased with the depth of the soil layer,and the variance range decreased.During high temperature and continuous drought,soil moisture in each soil layer submitted downtrend: the downtrend of soil moisture in 0～20cm was obvious and that in 20～40 cm and 40～60 cm was unobvious,and presented a distinct hysteresis along with the depth of soil layer and respectively 8 days and 13 days.Straw mulching and intercropping white clover can not only increase the soil moisture in the key soil layer(0～20 cm) and the key growth period(April to October),postpone and shorten the drought,but also reinforce the ability of self-regulating and controlling of the tea plantation ecological system,and at last improve the quality and the yield of tea.The yield of the three treatments(i.e.general treatment,intercropping clover,straw mulching) respectively was 149.08 g/m~2,199.75 g/m~2 and 188.12 g/m~2,and the effect of intercropping clover was better.更多还原