【摘要】 在昆虫飞行的实验研究中,可采用活体实验、模型实验和活体模型结合三种方法。活体实验可以客观反映自然界中昆虫的飞行规律,获得真实的实验数据,但可重复性差。模型实验作为机械装置可以重复进行试验,详细描述流场结构并定量各种参数大小,但与真实飞行存在一定差距。单独使用这两种中的任一方法均可对一些现象给出了解释。二者相结合的方法更易于准确描述昆虫的运动特征,通过对比模型与活体的结果来提出机理,尽管需要的实验周期较长,但结论往往更接近真实状态,基于该方法科学家们已提出了几种飞行机理。本文结合近几年文献报道,综述了昆虫飞行参数测量方法,并对以上几种方法在研究昆虫飞行机理中的作用进行了对比分析,认为模型和活体结合的研究方法更容易为一些飞行现象提出合理解释。更多还原

【Abstract】 The aerodynamics of insect flight has fascinated physicists and biologists for more than a century.There are three main methods to be applied in observing insect flight including real insects,mechanical models and combination both at the same time.By using real insects we can get some parameters which reflect the real condition accurately,but its repetition is poor.Then insect models resolve this problem by adapting mechanical wings.Although it provides more parameters of the model wings,there are some differences between the models and real insects,and models can not reflect real conditions of insect flight.Combinations of these two methods are applied widely in studying the mechanism of insect flight.High-speed camera and mechanical modeling have allowed researchers to make rapid progress in advancing our understanding of insect flight.These methods have revealed the fluid dynamic phenomena underlying flapping flight.This review covers the basic approaches used in aerodynamics of insect flight,as well as their physical principles and results.更多还原