【摘要】 2001至2003年,连续3a在山东莱州地区布置田间试验,研究海水灌溉对土壤安全和作物产量的影响。试验共设4个处理,即CK(未灌溉处理)、25%、50%、75%的海水灌溉处理。结果表明:未灌溉处理土壤中的总盐量呈明显积累趋势,2003年较2001年增加了1.3倍;25%和50%的海水灌溉处理,2001年土壤盐分明显积累,此后两年有逐年脱除的趋势。2003与2001年相比,脱盐率分别达到34.9%和41.0%。连续3a海水灌溉后,除CK外,各处理耕层中的盐分较为稳定,且处于较低水平;CK和50%的海水灌溉处理,60~100cm的土层中的盐分明显积盐,而其它处理均未表现出积盐趋势。25%的海水灌溉处理土壤钠吸附比明显高于50%、75%的海水灌溉处理,但仍然未达到10mmol/L。2001和2002年,25%和50%的海水灌溉处理,较未灌溉处理增产效应显著。因此,25%和50%的海水灌溉耐盐作物菊芋,能够保证土壤安全和作物高产高效。更多还原

【Abstract】 Seawater irrigation has recently emerged and plays important roles in saving freshwater resources and promoting agriculture production in the coastal semi-arid areas of North China Plain. From 2001 to 2003, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of seawater irrigation on soil safety and crop yield in Laizhou county, Shangdong province. There were four treatments in the experiments, i.e. CK (Non-irrigated), 25%, 50% and 75% seawater irrigation treatments. The results showed that total dissolved salts (TDS) in the soil of CK treatment significantly accumulated, and the accumulation in 2003 were 1.3 times higher than that in 2001. For 25% and 50% seawater irrigation treatments, although TDS in 2001 also significantly accumulated, a desalted trend in 2002 and 2003 was observed. The TDS of 25% and 50% seawater irrigation treatments in 2003 was decreased by 34.9% and 40.1% respectively, compared with that in 2001. After seawater irrigation for three years, TDS at the root zones did not accumulate for all the seawater treatments but for the CK. However, TDS for the CK and 50% seawater irrigation treatment significantly accumulated below the root zone (60～100 cm). Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of 25% seawater irrigation treatment was much higher than that of 50% and 75% seawater irrigation treatments but never exceeded 10 mmol/L, indicating that alkalization was small under seawater irrigation. In 2001 and 2002, the tuber yield of 25% and 50% seawater irrigation treatments was much higher than that of CK and 75% seawater irrigation treatment. However, there was a yield reduction in 2003 for all the treatments because Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus.L) suffered from typhoon damage during the growing season. This study suggests that using 25% and 50% seawater to irrigate Jerusalem artichoke was safe in terms of soil property and crop yield.更多还原