【摘要】 森林作为陆地生态系统的主体,在全球生态系统中发挥举足轻重的作用,其服务功能价值的评估是研究的一个热点。本研究根据全国第5次资源清查资料(1994~1998年)及Costanza等人的计算方法估算了我国森林生态系统八项服务功能的总价值为30601.20×108yuan/a,其中间接价值是直接经济价值的14.94倍;在我国森林生态系统中,单位面积的各种森林生态系统所提供的年平均价值为23095.25yuan/(hm2·a)。在森林涵养水源、固碳释氧、营养物质循环、净化空气和保护土壤五项服务功能中,热带雨林、季雨林单位面积所提供的价值量最大为32417.45yuan/(hm2·a),温带荒漠单位面积所提供的价值最小为12507.90yuan/(hm2·a);在森林生态系统各项服务功能价值的贡献之当中,其大小顺序依次为:固碳释氧>净化空气>土壤保持>涵养水源>养分循环>林木、林副产品〉维持生物多样性〉森林游憩。该研究的目的在于尽快将自然资源和环境因素纳入国民经济核算体系而最终为实现绿色GDP提供基础,为我国可持续发展的政策与生态环境保护提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Forest, as the main body of land ecosystem, plays an important role in global ecosystem. The research on forest ecosystem services evaluation has been the focus of discussion. According to the fifth national investigation of forest resource（1994¹998） and the estimation method given by Costanza et al , the research has estimated that the total value of the eight forest ecosystem services in China is 30601.20×10⁸ yuan/a, the indirect economic value is as 14.94 times as the direct economic value, and all kinds of forest ecosystems of unit acreage provides the average value of 23095.25yuan/（hm²·a）. The tropic provides the biggest value of 32417.45yuan/（hm²·a） and the desert of temperate zone provides the smallest value of 12507.90yuan/（hm²·a） in water storage, C fixation and O₂ release, nutrients cycle, air quality purifying and erosion control of forests. Among contribution of value of all ecosystem services, the order of value is below: C fixation and O₂ release>air quality purifying>erosion control>water storage>nutrients cycle>timber and other products>provisioning of habit>recreation and eco-tourism. The aim of research is that the factors of natural resources and environment will be taken up by the business accounting system of national economy quickly, which provides the basis for realizing the green GDP in the end and provides the scientific basis for the policy of sustainable development and the protection of environment.更多还原