【摘要】 土壤侵蚀的空间尺度效应使得小尺度上观测到的大量数据无法得到有效的利用,给多空间尺度土壤侵蚀定量评价带来了困难和问题。对土壤侵蚀定量评价研究中的空间尺度效应及其机理和空间尺度转换方法进行了综述。分离、搬运和堆积子系统之间的协同效应与大尺度土壤侵蚀背景条件之间的协同效应是土壤侵蚀空间尺度效应产生的根本原因。在土壤侵蚀定量评价中,基本侵蚀单元地表参数的定量描述是建立土壤侵蚀空间尺度转换模型的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 It has been a problem in multi-spatial-scale quantitative estimation of soil erosion that the substantive observational data based on small spatial scale could not be effectively utilized in analysis of larger spatial scale because of the scale effects. The effects of spatial scale and multi-spatial-scale quantitative estimation,as one of the key problems in soil erosion researches,is not only significant to the programming of soil and water conservation and the reasonable utilization of land in region,but also valuable to the application of “3S” to the study of soil erosion. The quantitative estimation of soil erosion,the effects of spatial scale and its influence on mechanism of soil erosion,and the method of space scaling in quantitative estimation of soil erosion are discussed in this paper. The effects of spatial scale of soil erosion results from the joint effects of soil particle abruption subsystem,soil particle transportation subsystem and soil particle accumulation subsystem,and the integrating effect of background conditions of soil erosion in large spatial scale. When doing scaling up and analysis in an area,the monolithic characteristics becomes more and more legible,the average quantity of soil loss per area unit is decreasing with the increase of catchments area,the number and interrelation of the influencing factors are changed,and the essentiality of the influencing factors is transformed.Presently,space scaling in quantitative estimation of soil erosion could be carried out in the surveillance network of soil and water conservation in USA, and in the quantitative estimation model of soil erosion based on GIS,in which the region is divided into many basic erosion units based on correlative factors of soil erosion,and the typical distributed parameter system is divided into many-concentrated parameter systems. The surface parameters of basic erosion unit is the basis of space scaling in quantitative estimation of soil erosion.更多还原