【摘要】 对国内外萤火虫两性交流闪光信号的研究进行了综述,萤火虫发光器因种而异,多数发出黄绿色萤光,闪光信号的频率、光谱、强度及其时空分布的闪光模式包含着两性交流信息。萤火虫闪光交流系统有两种分类方法,其一是萤火虫具两个类型的闪光信号交流系统,及系统和系统,前者多在旧大陆,后者多在新大陆;其二是萤火虫具6个类型闪光信号交流系统,即HP,LL,LC,PR,CR和LB型,其中PR型与系统相对应,HP型与系统对应。萤火虫两性交流闪光信号常因时间和空间上的差异及外界物体的干扰使两性闪光交流的效率受到影响。萤火虫两性交流的闪光信号起源于鞘翅目的幼虫阶段,并起警戒天敌的作用,经过两性选择成为成虫两性交流的一种途径,进而成为新大陆的一些萤火虫间捕食猎物和逃避天敌的生存策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bioluminescence is the phenomenon of light production by living organisms. Organisms that are bioluminescent include certain fungi and bacteria that emit light continuously. Organisms can emit light continuously parasitized by luminous bacteria. Other bioluminescent organisms have unique light organ and emit light regularly. Functions of bioluminescence include sexual communication, prey attraction, warning, intimidation of predators, illumination, camouflage and population regulation. Firefly (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) typically flashes from the species-specific light organs and larvae glow from a paired light organ. The luminous display of firefly adults serve to communicate an individual’s sex, species and exact location. Secondary functions for luminescence of other new world Photuris fireflies is mimic other species of fireflies’ sexual flash signal and prey on them, but the primary function of luminous behavior in adults is to facilitate pair formation. Some firefly species do not produce light as adults and may rely exclusively on pheromones for pair formation. The sexual flash signal of fireflies normally consists of dependent elements to be considered as light organ shape, spectral composition, movement and time. The delivery, identification and female answer to male advertising signals appear in a variety of protocols or systems. Two different views about the classification of flash communication systems of fireflies are presented. According to the different male flash signals and female answer to male flash pattern of new world fireflies, the firefly flash communication systems are considered as two types, System Ⅰand System Ⅱ. Firefly species in other parts of the world have mating systems that deviate from those of Signal system Ⅰand System Ⅱ. According to the various male flash signals, female answer and sex pheromone of old world fireflies. One different classification scheme are designated as 6 types, System HP, LL, LC, PR, CR and LB. Though the use of light signals imposes certain restrictions upon fireflies, ecological adaptions can enhance flash communication in fireflies efficiently. It’s an established fact that the bioluminescent displays of adult fireflies are used as courtship signals; however, the survival value of the glowing behavior of their larvae is commonly considered as an aposematic signal upon predators. The latest hypotheses about the origin of photic behavior and evolution of sexual communication in fireflies is that the ability to produce and emit photic signals is first gained by larvae and appear to function as an aposematic warning display; it is subsequently gained in adults and is used as a sexual signal; the pheromonal sexual signal are used basically in Lapyridae, they are used in conjunction with and then subsequently replaced by photic signals in some Lapyrid lineages. In addition, some genus Photuris fireflies of new world appear to evolve from congeneric sexual signals to mimic the female sexual answer signals of other genus fireflies to prey on male fireflies, which called “aggressive mimicry or predation dialogue”. The flash signals of old world fireflies evolve in different direction with new world fireflies for the absence of the pressure of “aggressive mimicry”.更多还原