【摘要】 目的调查河南省城市学龄前儿童血铅水平及影响因素,为制定防治环境铅污染,保护儿童健康政策提供科学依据。方法采用双阶整群抽样法对河南省3个城市8所幼儿园502名3～5岁儿童进行调查。取肘静脉血,用微波消解电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICPMASS)测定血铅,同时进行相关因素问卷调查,采用SPSS10.0软件进行统计分析。结果502名学龄前儿童血铅均值为0.65μmol/L,其中≥0.48μmol/L者405人,占80.7%;男性儿童均值为0.65μmol/L;女性均值为0.63μmol/L。相关分析表明:工业区儿童血铅[(0.72±0.20)μmol/L]明显高于非工业区[(0.59±0.20)μmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);父母文化程度越高,儿童血铅水平越低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);父、母亲从事接铅职业,孩子的血铅均值[(0.69±0.20)μmol/L、(0.68±0.19)μmol/L]均高于父母不从事接铅职业的孩子[(0.60±0.20)μmol/L、(0.63±0.21)μmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论河南省学龄前儿童血铅水平明显高于附近省市,是铅污染较严重的地区之一,应引起高度重视。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the blood lead level and related factors in preschool children in the urban areas of Henan Province and to provide scientific evidence for making policy on environmental protection from lead pollution and child health protection.Method Totally,502 preschool children aged 3-5 years were selected from eight kindergartens in three cities of Henan Province,with two-stage cluster sampling.Peripheral blood specimen was collected from each child for determination of blood lead with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)after microwave digestion for specimen preparation.Related factors were surveyed with a questiоnnaire.All data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 software for correlation between level of blood lead and the related factors.Result Mean level of blood lead in 502 preschool children was 0.65 μmol/L,0.65 μmol/L for boys and 0.63 μmol/L for girls,respectively,405 of them (80.7%)with a mean blood lead level≥0.48 μmol/L,and 0.72 μmol/L in industrial areas and 0.59 μmol/L in non-industrial areas,respectively,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The higher the education level of their parents,the lower their blood lead level and there was a significant difference between them(P<0.05).Mean blood lead level in children with father or/and mother occupationally exposed to lead[(0.69±0.20)μmol/L,(0.68±0.19)μmol/L]was significantly higher than that in those with non-exposed parents[(0.60±0.20)μmol/L,(0.63±0.21)μmol/L](P<0.01).Conclusion Mean blood lead level in children of Henan Province was significantly higher than that in those of adjacent provinces.And,Henan Province is one of the areas severely contaminated with lead and more importance should be attached to it.更多还原