【摘要】 为研究城市生活垃圾焚烧产生的二噁英污染检测问题,介绍了垃圾焚烧过程中二噁英类的生成机理及其检测方法。色谱法、免疫法、生物法、激光质谱法是目前检测二噁英类的主要手段,其中高分辨气相色谱高分辨质谱(HRGCHRMS)法、虫荧光素酶报告基因(CALUX)法及酶免役分析(EIA)法等在实践中取得了很好的检测效果,但各种方法适应范围有很大差别。色谱法可有效分离各种二噁英类成分,但对仪器精度和操作水平要求较高,测试周期较长,费用较高,适于准确对各种成分定量检测,不需计算总量的场合;生物法测试周期短,可平行测试大量样品,适于快速、大规模样品的筛选,但只能测定总毒性当量;激光质谱法具有高选择性、高灵敏度、多组分测定、可实现在线检测等优势,但需要预先了解污染物的光谱结构。更多还原

【Abstract】 The pollution of dioxins emitted from incineration of municipal solid waste has become a serious problem and is paid attention gradually. The details of the mechanism of dioxins formation, detection methods and control technology were discussed. Chromatography, immunology, biology and laser mass spectrometry are main detection methods. HRGC/HRMS, CALUX and EIA have achieved better effects in practice. But each method has its specific application limits. Chromatography can separate dioxins compounds but much labor, high technical skill, long periodicity and extreme cost are required, usually be used in the case of accurate quantitative measurement on each composition and no need to calculate the total amount. Immunology and biology methods take short time and can detect large quantity samples at the same time. They are suitable for the screening of large-scale samples and the detection of total toxic equivalent weight. Laser mass spectrometry has the characteristics such as high selectivity, high sensitivity, multi-component detection and online analysis; but the spectrum structure of the pollutants should be known in advance. The control technology of dioxins mainly concentrated on the fields of improving combustion technology, capturing and decomposing dioxins. The most valid method is improving the incineration process of municipal waste so that dioxins can be eliminated from the source.更多还原