【摘要】 主要回顾热带气旋 (TC)强度与结构变化的研究发展近况。以往热带气旋的理论研究认为在给定的大气和海洋热状况下 ,存在着一个TC所能达到的最大可能强度 (MPI)。但实际上 ,海洋生成的热带气旋达到的最大强度普遍要比由MPI理论计算得到最大强度要低。近几年的研究表明 ,存在着内部和外部的不利因子通过对TC结构的改变来阻碍其加强 ,从而限制TC的强度。以往认为在诸多因子中 ,垂直风切变产生的内核区非对称结构与眼墙区下方海水上涌造成的海面冷却是制约TC达到MPI的主要因子。最新的研究进一步指出 ,产生TC非对称性的中尺度过程对其强度与结构的变化至关重要。中尺度过程包含有对流耦合的涡旋Rossby波、内外圈螺旋雨带、嵌于TC环流内的中尺度涡旋。外部的环境气流也是通过这些眼墙的中尺度过程影响到TC的强度与结构变化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recent progress in researches on tropical cyclone (TC) intensity and structure changes is reviewed. According to the maximum potential intensity (MPI) theory, at the given thermodynamic state of the atmosphere and ocean, there exists MPI. In fact, tropical cyclones’ maximum intensity is generally less than that of MPI theory. There are many internal and external dynamic factors to prohibit TC intensification through structure changes. The changes of intensity and structure involve complex different-scale interactions. The recent researches show that the mesoscale processes resulting in TC asymmetry are crucial to the variation of both intensities and structures of TCs, including vortex Rossby waves, spiral rainbands, mesoscale vortices, environmental flow, and boundary layer processes. The external environment flow also influences the intensities and structures of TCs through these mesoscale processes over the eyewalls更多还原