【摘要】 为明确各栽培因子在小麦生产中的作用,利用长期肥料定位试验在不考虑交互作用、尽量保证其他条件一致的情况下用差减法分别计算了14年来气候、施肥、土壤地力、品种和轮作方式对小麦产量的影响。结果表明,在这五种影响因素中,施肥对小麦产量的影响程度最大,用校正的相对值法得到从2000~2004年施肥对产量的影响程度为72.6%~82.7%,平均为78.8%;土壤地力对不同品种小麦的影响程度在34%~53%之间,12年的平均值为44%;气候对小麦产量的影响程度随施肥而不同,在21.2%~64.7%之间,10个处理平均为39%,气候对NK处理影响最大,对PK处理影响最小;小麦品种对产量的影响同样随施肥处理而不同,影响程度在15.8%~48%之间,平均为27%;小麦品种对单施氮肥影响最大,对秸秆还田影响最小,二者相差2倍;轮作方式的影响最小,14年平均为9.6%;不同年份的影响程度在0~26.3%之间。五种因素的影响程度大小顺序为:施肥>地力>气候>品种>轮作方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Effects of climate, fertilization, soil fertility, wheat variety and rotations on wheat yield were studied in long-term fertilization experiment in alluvial soil during 1990~2004. The result indicated that among five factors, fertilization is the one with the largest effects. The effective on Zhengmai 9023 varied from 72.6% to 82.7%, averaged 78.8%. Soil fertility affected the wheat yield in range of 34%~53%, averaged 44% in 12 years. The impact of climate varied with fertilization type and rate from 21.2% to 64.7%; the mean effects of 10 treatments was 39%. Ranked in the third, NK fertilizers affected the yield to the largest variations, and PK to the lest. The range of effect on wheat was 15.8%~48%,averaged 27% in 9 fertilization treatments. Rotation had the smallest effect on yield from 0~26.3% in 14 years with the average of 9.6%. The order of effective extent was fertilization>soil fertility>climate>variety >rotation.更多还原