【摘要】 为高效利用水分资源以及给冬小麦灌水制度的合理制定提供依据,采用水量平衡法,系统研究了不同时期单次灌水和两次灌水的冬小麦土壤水分变化动态。结果表明,雌雄蕊分化期前单次灌水,开花前土壤水分能基本满足小麦生长的要求,开花期后土壤处于持续干旱状态;雌雄蕊分化期之后的单次灌水处理,在拔节期至灌水时期之间有一时段的土壤干旱,通过不同时期的灌溉,开花时各处理的土壤基本处于适宜小麦生长的含水量范围。小麦抽穗后进行第二次灌水的处理,籽粒形成期之前为满足型供水,籽粒形成后处于轻、中度干旱。从无水处理的耗水特点可以看出,小麦返青至拔节主要消耗0～40cm土层的水分,拔节至开花消耗0～100cm土层的水分,至成熟耗水可达到200cm。单次灌水处理,以孕穗前后灌水产量较高,二次灌水处理,以拔节配开花处理产量表现较好。更多还原

【Abstract】 The soil moister dynamics of winter wheat with irrigation at different stages were studied. The results indicated that single irrigation (before) pistic-stamen stage could meet (water) requirement of wheat growth (before) anthesis; For single irrigation after pistic-stamen stage, there had short-time drought (between) jointing period to irrigation time, soil moister were suitable during anthesis period through (water) supplement, while it gradually decreased during grain filling time and (became) medium or serious drought when wheat is mature. Two time irrigation for winter wheat was suitable and a (water) saving way for wheat growth in the researched region. Without irrigation, the main functional (water) was the uppermost soil 0~40 cm from regrowth stage to elongation stage, was 0~100cm depth in soil from elongation stage to anthesis, was 0~200 cm depth from anthesis to ripen stage. During the grain formatting stage, the (water) was mainly supplied by the soil of depth 100~200 cm. Suitable timetable for one time irrigation was at earing period, while for two time irrigation was at jointing period and anthesis period.更多还原