【摘要】 为了从野生一粒小麦中发掘有用基因,随机选取33个普通小麦EST-SSR标记和定位于小麦A基因组的41个普通小麦基因组DNA-SSR标记,对35份一粒小麦、3份四倍体小麦和1份普通小麦进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明,在扩增这些标记位点的引物中有45对在一粒小麦上有扩增产物,其中33对检测出位点多态性,而且基因组DNA-SSR标记的多态检测率明显高于EST-SSR标记多态检测率。这些多态位点包括211个等位位点,平均每个位点有6.03个等位变异。利用PHYLIP分析软件按UPGMA方法对这些一粒小麦种质进行了聚类分析,以遗传距离0.5为界,可以将其分为7种类型。这种聚类关系与对应种质的白粉病抗性呈现出一定的相关性,因此根据聚类结果可以在一定程度上推测相关种质所携带的抗白粉病基因的起源和变异。对一粒小麦与野生二粒小麦种质的遗传距离的分析结果表明,不同来源的二粒小麦的A基因组可能有不同的起源。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to identify and exploit beneficial genes in einkorn wheat , thirty-five einkorn accessions, three tetraploid wheat lines and one common wheat line were characterized for their genetic diversity using thirty-three EST-SSR markers and forty-one genome DNA-derived SSR markers that locate on the A genome of common wheat. The results showed that, of the 74 pairs of primers, 45 produced distinct amplification bands, 33 of which detected polymorphism among the 35 einkorn accessions. The genome DNA-derived SSR makers had higher polymorphism than the EST-SSR markers. A total of 211 alleles were detected by the polymorphic markers, with an average of 6. 03 alleles per locus. UPGMA analysis suggested that the 35 einkorn accessions could be classified into seven groups using genetic distance of 0. 5 as the threshold. The clusters displayed considerable correspondence to the powdery mildew resistance of these lines. Thus, molecular marker-based clustering might provide reasonable clue for the origin and variation of the powdery mildew resistance genes. The genetic distances between the einkorn and emmer wheat lines implied that the A genome of emmer lines have multiple origins.更多还原