【摘要】 根据荒漠化的定义以及荒漠化的特点,荒漠化监测与评价指标体系由4个部分组成,即压力指标、状态指标、影响指标和防治指标。压力指标描述的是对自然资源的状态带来影响并导致荒漠化发生的自然和人为驱动因素,用来对荒漠化发展趋势进行评估并进行荒漠化早期预警;状态指标描述的是土地生态系统的状态和特性,可以分为物理指标、化学指标和生物指标,它们分别描述土地生态系统的物理、化学和生物特性;影响指标用来评价荒漠化对人类及其环境带来的影响;防治指标用来评价防治荒漠化采取的行动和措施以及采取这些行动和措施带来的社会经济和自然条件的改善。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to characteristics of desertification,the development and control processes of desertification consist of four parts:driving forces,desertified land,impact by desertification and desertification control.Therefore,indicator system for desertification monitoring and assessment includes four aspects:pressure,state,desertification impact and implementation.Pressure indicators characterize driving forces both natural and man-made,affecting the status of natural resources and leading to desertitication.Pressure indicators are used to assess desertification trends and make an early warning for desertification.Natual indicators describe natural factors,mainly climatic conditions,natural disasters,which promote the occurrence and development of desertification.Non-natural indicators desribe the pressure on land/ecosystems leading to land degradation from human activities.State indicators characterize the status of natural resources including land.The physical and biological features of desertitied land ecosystem are the main factors to be considered.Physical indicators describe the land characteristics,physical and chemical properties of soil and hydrologic features of the land ecosystem.Biological indicators are used to describe biological characteristical of the land ecosystem.Desertification impact indicators are used to evaluate the effects of desertification on human beings and environment.Implementation indicators are used to assess the actions taken for combating desertification and to assess its impacts on natural resources and human beings.Such impacts refer to improvements of socio-economic and natural conditions.The framework of the state indicator system is based on three aspects,namely agro climatic region,land use and degradation process.For the pressure,desertification impact and implementation indicators,the framework of the proposed indicator system is in reference to agro climatic regions.更多还原