【摘要】 [目的]研究尘肺病患者的死亡规律,为尘肺防治提供科学依据。[方法]对1964-1999年间某煤矿企业957例煤工尘肺死亡病例进行回顾性调查分析。[结果]①1995-1999年间死亡的尘肺病人数是1964-1969年的14.1倍, 近期该企业尘肺患者仍处于死亡高峰期。②死因构成中列前4位的是尘肺、肺结核、慢性肺心病、肺癌,构成比分别为21.9%、20.3%、19.5%、8.9%;不同期别尘肺死亡病例中,死亡原因的构成比顺序有所不同。随着时间的推移尘肺死因构成顺序发生了变化,肿瘤、脑血管意外的构成比由20世纪60年代的6.6%、3.3%上升到90年代后期的13.3%、11.8%。③尘肺病人寿命呈明显延长趋势,由1969年的48.3岁延长至1999年的71.4岁,平均每5年延长约4岁。④尘肺死亡病例中肺结核合并率为25.8%,不同期别间有显著性差异(P<0.01),随尘肺期别升高肺结核合并率上升,Ⅲ期尘肺死亡病例中60.5%合并有肺结核。尘肺合并结核患者的病程平均为(7.6±5.7)年,显著短于单纯尘肺患者的平均病程(11.7±6.9) 年(P<0.01);尘肺合并结核患者平均死亡年龄为(58.9±9.7)岁,显著小于单纯尘肺患者(65.1±9.4)年(P<0.01)。⑤尘肺死亡病例的发病潜伏期为31.5年。[结论]尘肺患者寿命显著延长,但尘肺及其并发症仍严重威胁尘肺患者的生命, 防治并发症是提高尘肺患者生命质量的关键。更多还原

【Abstract】 [ Objective ]The objective was to seek for the general rules about the death cases of coal worker’s pneumoconiosis ( CWP ) and provide scientific evidence for preventing it. [ Method ] The investigation of the death cases of CWP during 1964-1999 was conducted using retrospective survey. [ Results ] ① The number of death cases of CWP during 1995 to 1999 was 14.1 times as high as that during 1964 to 1969 and the fastigium might last for a period of time. ②The 4 first places of death causes were pneumoconiosis, lung tuberculosis, chronic cardiopulmonale disease, pulmonary carcinoma, and the proportional ratios were 21.9%, 20.3%, 19.5% and 8.9%, respectively. The order was changeable in different stage of pneumoconiosis, for instance, 49,3% of cases died from pulmonary tuberculosis in stage III of CWP. It was noticed that the proportional ratios of tumor and cerebrovascular accident were up from 6.6% and 3.3% in sixties last century to 13.3% and 11.8% in nineties later. ③ It was obvious that the life span of the patients with pneumoconiosis became longer, from 48.3 years to 71.4 years during 1969 to 1999 than ever. The life span approximately was prolonged four years per each five years. ④ The complications rate with pulmonary tuberculosis was 25.8%, and the higher the stage, the more the rate. There were about 60.5% of death from complications with pulmonary tuberculosis in stage III . The mean of disease course was 7.6 ± 5.7 years of CWP complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis, which was obviously shorter than that of simple CWP ( 11.7 ± 6.9 years, P < 0.01 ). The age of death from CWP with pulmonary tuberculosis was 58.9 years, obviously shorter than that of simple CWP ( 65.1 years, P < 0.01 ). ⑤ The latency of CWP for the death cases was 31.5 years. [ Conclusion ] The life span of the patients with CWP become longer than ever; however, the worker’s life of patients with CWP is still critically affected by the pneumoconiosis and its complications. So it is the key points to prevent the complications for improving the life quality of the patients with pneumoconiosis.更多还原