【摘要】 研究了纳帕海高原湿地不同利用方式对土壤质量的影响,结果表明,天然沼泽和浅水沼泽草甸,排水疏干后用于放牧的草甸、垦后湿地相比,土壤有机质分别减少了4.33%、7.32%和5.64%,全氮分别减少了0.1%、0.33%和0.16%,除垦后湿地速效钾和速效磷含量较高外,速效养分呈现和有机质、全氮一样的变化趋势,均随人为活动干扰加剧而不断下降,土壤酶活性中蛋白酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性与土壤有机质等肥力因子存在显著相关性。垦后湿地土壤养分含量和酶活性较高,土壤质量改善,这与人为大量施用有机肥和周围山上水土流失带下土壤养分汇集有关,但其湿地环境已完全转化为旱生环境,湿地功能丧失。综合土壤性质10项指标计算的土壤退化指数表明,与天然沼泽比较,沼泽草甸和草甸湿地均出现退化现象,垦后湿地环境完全改变,应及时进行保护和恢复,退耕还湿。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wetland in Napahai Plateau is situated at 99°37′～99°43′E and 27°49′～27°55′N, 3 260 m above sea level. Study area is composed of meadow, marshes, open water and surrounding forests. 4 kinds of land use types in NapahaiWetlands were selected to study their soil nutrient changes under human disturbances. The results of 2-year studies in the study area showed that the soil organic matter of marsh meadow, meadow and cultivated wetland in Napahai reduced by 4.33%, 7.32% and 5.64% and their N reduced by 0.1%,0.33% and 0.16% respectively compared to primary marsh. Except for the content of soil available P and K was higher in cultivated wetland, other available soil nutrients had the same declining trends as soil organic matter and total N did. The results also showed that there were variances of soil enzyme activity from primary marsh to meadow marsh, meadow and cultivated wetland. In which, the trends of soil Protease activities and Catalase all were cultivated wetland>primary marsh>meadow marsh>meadow, of Urease were cultivated wetland>meadow marsh>primary marsh>meadow, of Polyphenol oxidase were cultivated wetland>meadow>primary marsh>meadow marsh, and of Sucrose weer cultivated wetland>primary marsh>meadow marsh>meadow. In the study, soil organic matter and total N of cultivated wetland were higher than thoes of meadow and marsh meadow affecting actually by cultivation and fertilizer application, which seems good for the soil quality but caused its wetland functions losing. The soil degradation index applied to explanation of soil degradation degree indicated that all utilization types were degraded and the cultivated wetland was most degradation type compared to primary marsh. From which it’s suggested that cultivated wetland must convert to wetland so that the aquatic environment of Napahai can be restored and conserved.更多还原