【摘要】 湿地是地球上三大生态系统之一 ,蒸散是湿地生态系统的重要水文特征 ,是能量和水分的主要消耗途径 ,因此研究湿地蒸散对分析湿地水量平衡、热量平衡以及水资源估算等都具有十分重要的意义。通过总结国内外湿地蒸散量的测算方法 ,如Thornthwaite公式、Penman Monteith模型、Prestley Taylor模型、三江平原沼泽湿地蒸散经验模型、涡度相关法和遥感方法等 ,提出在湿地特定的自然条件下 ,经验模型法在湿地蒸散中的应用要比在其它陆地生态系统蒸散研究中的应用更为准确。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wetland is one of three large ecosystems on the earth. Evapotranspiration(ET) is an important hydrologic character of wetland ecosystem and a main form of consumption of energy and water, so it’s significant of research of ET to analysis water equilibrium、energy equilibrium and estimation of water resource in wetland. The author summarizes methods of achieving ET from wetland, for example, models of Thornthwaite, Penman Monteith, Prestley Taylor, Sanjiang Plain Swamp ,eddy correlation ,remote sensing and so on. Of them, Penman, Penman Monteith and Prestley Taylor models are representative ones. Thornthwaite equation is the first implied to Wetland, but it’s only applicable to uniform surface. Considering that vegetation coverage has influenced on ET process, Hammer-Kadlec equation is raised to estimate ET from wetland covered with vegetation. Modified Penman model, based on energy balance and aerodynamics theory, has definitely physical significance by compared with Thornthwaite and Hammer Kadlec equations. In 1965, Monteith introduced plant specific resistance factors to Penman model and established Penman Monteith model. It’s a new approach to estimate ET from unsaturated surface. Prestley Taylor model is a semi empirical model derived from the physics based Penman Monteith model that expresses ET as a function of aerodynamics resistance and canopy resistance. It’s a commonly used operational procedure to estimate ET from wetlands. The fit of this model to computed ET is as good as the fit obtained by using the more rigorous Penman Monteith model. For special environment, experimental methods applied in the wetland are better than in other land ecosystems. For restriction of instrument’s precision and study means, more researches are required in future.更多还原